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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Accommodation
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Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences.
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Age of viability
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The age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.
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Animism
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The belief that all things are living.
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Assimilation
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Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing menal structures without changing them.
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Attachment
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A close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers.
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Centration
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The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.
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Cephalocaudal trend
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The head-to-foot direction of motor development.
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Cognitive development
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Transitions in youngsters' patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving.
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Conservation
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Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance.
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Cross-sectional design
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A research design in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time.
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Dementia
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An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.
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Development
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The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.
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Developmental norms
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The average age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.
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Dishabituation
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An increase in the strength of a habituated response elicited by a new stimulus.
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Egocentrism
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A limited ability to share another person's viewpoint.
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Embryonic stage
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The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month.
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Family life cycle
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A sequence of stages that families tend to progress through.
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
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A collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy.
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Fetal stage
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The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth.
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Gender
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Culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity.
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Gender differences
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Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability.
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Gender roles
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Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex.
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Gender stereotypes
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Widely held beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personality traits, and behavior.
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Germinal stage
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The first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception.
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Habituation
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A gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly.
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Irreversibility
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The inability to envision reversing an action.
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Longitudinal design
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A research design in which investigators observe one group of subjects repeatedly over a period of time.
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Maturation
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Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint.
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Menarche
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The first occurrence of menstruation.
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Meta-analysis
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Combining the statistical results of many studies of the same question, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of a variable's effects.
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Midlife crisis
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A difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of one's life.
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Motor development
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The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.
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Object permanence
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Recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.
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Placenta
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A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother's bloodstream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother.
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Prenatal period
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The period from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy.
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Primary sex characteristics
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The sexual structures necessary for reproduction.
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Proximodistal trend
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The center-outward direction of motor development.
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Puberty
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The period of early adolescence marked by rapid physical growth and the development of sexual (reproductive) maturity.
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Pubescence
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The two-year span preceding puberty during which the changes leading to physical and sexual maturity take place.
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Secondary sex characteristics
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Physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in reproduction.
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Separation anxiety
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Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment.
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Sex
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The biologically based categories of male and female.
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Socialization
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The acquisition of the norms, roles, and behaviors expected of people in a particular society.
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Stage
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A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.
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Temperament
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An individual's characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity.
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Zygote
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A one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.
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