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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obesity is associated with overeating, so what influences our eating choices?
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Genetics Ethnicity Cultural Influences Societal Norms Religious Beliefs Health Beliefs Current Health / Medications Occupation Convenience Income Food Flavor, Texture, Appearance Education Nutritional Knowledge Athletics and Training Physiological Influences Psychological Influences Emotional Influences Peer Influences Childhood Experiences |
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What Causes Obesity?
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Attributed to complex set of factors involving genetic, biological, psychological, cultural, societal and environmental causes.
Genetic factors affecting metabolism and appetite account for ONLY 25 % of variations in body fatness. Greater percentage attributed to environmental influences, most importantly: Low levels of activity (low energy expenditure). High caloric intakes. |
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Environmental Influences
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Culturally transmissible (30 %).
Society, culture, education ,etc. Non-transmissible (45 %). Personal demographics (fat mass, etc.) attributed to lifestyle |
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Genetics
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Rare genetic mutations (usually occurring in children).
Genetic variants interacting with an “at-risk” environment for obesity. Continued inheritance over generations. Identical twins raised apart show similar weight gain patterns Fraternal twins raised apart vary less in weight than non-related people A child with no obese parents has a 10 % chance of becoming obese A child with one obese parent has a 40 % chance of becoming obese * A child with 2 obese parents has a 80 % chance of becoming obese * Genes can affect metabolic rate, fuel use, brain chemistry, body shape, and fat deposition sites. * The home environment greatly contributes to the probability of a child becoming obese |
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Environmental and Individual Factors
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Advancements in technology intended to facilitate our lives have rendered us less active - expend less energy daily.
Advancements in food technology have created cheaper methods to mass produce products, making less-expensive, more-refined and calorically-dense foods readily available and affordable. Reduced costs of foods have progressively increased portion sizes over the past 40 years. Most individuals overestimate what they consider to be a standard portion size. Increased accessibility to convenient foods has increased consumption of daily kcal. |
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Highest Rates of Obesity
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Lowest income and education (especially in women and ethnic groups).
Research demonstrates healthier food choices reduces obesity risks, but is generally more expensive. Home environment plays a significant role in determining the probability of obesity: Nutritional knowledge and choices Activity behaviors Lifestyle factors, belief systems and experiences Emotional issues including depression, eating disorders, low self-esteem and distorted body image. |
