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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some of the sources of non-sociological claims about society?
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Traditional Knowledge
Authority Casual observation Overgeneralization Selective Observation |
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What are the six stages in the research process?
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Formulate A question
Review the existing research literature Be aware of other bias researchers Select research method Peer Review Collect available data Research ethics |
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Statistically Significant
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can't explain it by chance or error
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Generalizable
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research is beyond specific ones
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Operationalize a variable
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make it measurable/which observations link to which variables
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Secondary Data Analysis
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data somebody else collected
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Population
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who you want to say something about
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Sample
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who you're going to collect data from and generalize
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Representative
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must resemble/reflect the whole of the population
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Random
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cannot pick and choose or it will be biased
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Reliability
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consistent results (IQ test will yield consistency)
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Valid
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are you measuring what you want to be? (IQ test is not accurate measurement of intelligence)
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Correlation
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relationship between 2 variables
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Causation
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one variable causes the other
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Spurious Correlation
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accidental
ex: Crime increases as ice cream sales increase |
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What is lost when concepts become quantitative variables and are operationalized?
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Complexity of life, what gets hidden is researcher bias
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How can you lie with Statistics?
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just showing results you want, lie of omission, interpret data to suit your purposes
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Hawthorne Effect
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The researcher can change what they're studying by their presence (people change when they're being studied)
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Open-Ended Questionaire
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instead of survey, more accurate, no quantitative results
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Field Research
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live in a place to know it
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Participant Observation
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great accuracy but charged with bias, not objective and generalizable
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Erving Goffman
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Dramturgical Analysis:
all the world's a stage paying close attention to the way people perform in their lives views social interaction as a sort of play in which people present themselves so that they appear in the best possible light observational research |
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Harold Garfinkel
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Ethnomethodology (sit next to purpose in empty bus)
do opposite of expectations unspoken rules experimental research in natural study |
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Activist Research
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reject objectivity - help people
access to acommunities if your there to help but challenged with being biased |
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experiments in social science research
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most sociologists don't do this anymore because of ethics
controlled artificial situation |
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experimental
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exposed to variable
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control
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no exposed to variable
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problems with experimental research?
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lab vs. real world
ethical issues |
