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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four areas for client education? |
o Promotionof Health (Nutrition) o Preventionof Illness/Injury (e.g. health screening) o Restorationof Health (e.g. self care skills – applying medicated cream) o Adaptingto Altered Health and Function (e.g. stoma management) |
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What is teaching? |
aplanned series of actions intended to produce specific learning outcomes. Theteaching learning process involves a dynamic interaction between teacher andlearner. |
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Whodo nurses teach? |
1.Clientsand their families (e.g. nurses may teach about wound care while changing aclients dressing) 2. Community(e.g. community health education programs) 3. HealthPersonnel (e.g. teaching students or new graduates) |
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TheAustralian Nurse Teachers Society’s Australian Nurse Teacher Competencies 2010 consistsof which three domains? |
1. Teachingand Learning 2. Communication 3. ProfessionalPractice |
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What is learning? |
Learningis a change in human disposition or capability that persists and that cannot besolely accounted for by growth. Learning is represented by a change inbehaviour/s. A learning need is a desire or a requirement to know somethingthat is presently unknown to the learner. |
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What is compliance? |
Compliance is the extent to which aperson’s behaviour coincides with medical or health advice. |
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What is adherence? |
Adherence is acommitment or attachment to a regime. |
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What is Anadragony? |
theart and science of teaching adults |
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What is Pedagogy? |
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Why do children and adults learn differently? |
Childrenand adults learn differently as the intent and motivation to learn are oftendifferent between the two. |
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What is behaviourism? |
Behavioristsclosely observe responses and then manipulate the environment to bring aboutthe intended change. Major behaviorist theorists include; Thorndike, Pavolv,Skinner and Badura. Skinner introduced positive reinforcement (e.g. praise),Bandura suggests that behaviours are mostly formed from imitation or modeling. |
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What is cognitivism? |
Depictslearning as a complex cognitive activity. This suggests that learning islargely a mental, intellectual or thinking process. An individual choosesperceptions and personal characteristics have an impact on how a cue isperceived. |
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Bloom suggested that there were three domains or areas of learning. What are they? |
These are the cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling) and psychomotor (skill) domains. Nurses should include each of Bloom’s three domains into client education. For example, educating a client on how to administer insulin is in the psychomotor domain. But an important part of the educating plan for a client is to teach them why insulin is needed and what to do when they are not feeling well, this is the cognitive domain. Helping a client to accept the chronic implications of diabetes and develop self-efficacious beliefs in managing the diabetes is in the affective domain. |
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What is humanism? |
Focuseson both cognitive and affective qualities of the learner. Learning is believedto be self-motivated, self-initiated and self- evaluated. Each individual isviewed as a unique composite of biological, social, cultural, and spiritualfactors. Learning focuses on self-development and achieving full potential.Therefore, autonomy and self-determination are important. |
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Nursesusing the behaviourist theoryidentify what? |
Whatis being taught and immediately identify reward and correct responses. |
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Nurses using the cognitive theory identify what? |
Recognizethe development level of the learner and acknowledge the learner’s motivationand environment. However some of the motivational and environmental factors maybe out of the teacher’s control |
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What are factors that affect learning? |
1. Motivation 2. Readiness 3. ActiveInvolvement 4. Relevance 5. Feedback 6. Non-judgmentsupport 7. Simpleto complex 8. Repetition 9. Timing 10. Environment 11. Emotions 12. Physiological Events 13. Cultural Aspects 14. Psychomotor Ability (musclestrength, motor coordination, energy, sensory acuity). |
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What is e-health? |
Refersto the application of the internet and other related technologies in the healthcare industry to improve the access, efficiency, effectiveness and quality ofclinical and business processes utilized by health care organizations,practitioners and consumers in an effort to improve the health status ofclients. |
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What are factorsthat should influence how information is presented to a patient/client? |
1. Age 2. Understandingof Health Problem 3. HealthBeliefs and Practices 4. CulturalFactors 5. EconomicFactors 6. LearningStyles 7. Supportsystems 8. PhysicalExamination 9. Readinessto Learn 10. Motivation 11. Health Literacy |
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What is medication reconciliation? |
Isdefined as the process of creating the most accurate list possible of allmedications patient is taking, includingdrug name, dosage, frequency and route and comparing that list against thedoctors admission transfer and/or discharging orders, with the goal ofproviding correct medications to the patient at all transition points withinthe hospital. |
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What are the ten rights of medication administration? |
1. RightMedication 2. RightDose 3. RightTime 4. RightRoute 5. RightClient 6. RightClient Education 7. RightDocumentation 8. Rightto Refuse 9. RightAssessment 10. Right Evaluation |
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What are physiologicalchanges associated with ageing that influence medication administration andeffectiveness? |
· Alteredmemory · Decreasedvisual acuity · Decreasein renal function, resulting in slower elimination of drugs and higherconcentrations in the bloodstream for longer periods. · Lesscomplete and slower absorption from the gastrointestinal tract · Increasedproportion of fat to lean body mass, which facilitates retention of fat-solubledrugs an increases potential for toxicity. · Decreasedliver function, which hinders biotransformation of drugs · Decreasedorgan sensitivity, which means that the response to the same drug concentrationin the vicinity of the target organ is less in older people than in the young. · Alteredquality of organ responsiveness, resulting in adverse effects becomingpronounces before therapeutic affects are achieved. · Decreasein manual dexterity due to arthritis and/or decrease in flexibility. |
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What are the steps of oral medication administration preparation? |
Preparation 1.Knowthe reason why the client is receiving the medication, the drug classification,contradictions, usual dosage range, side effects and nursing considerations foradministering and evaluating the intended outcomes for the medication. 2.Checkthe administration record (MAR) – check for drug name, dosage, frequency, routeand expiration date. 3. Verifythe clients ability to take medication orally 4. Organisethe supplies |
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What are the steps of oral medication administration performance? |
1. Preformhand hygiene and observe other appropriate infection control procedures 2. Unlockthe dispensing system 3. Obtainappropriate medication 4. Preparethe medication 5. Provideclient privacy 6. Preparethe client 7. Explainthe purpose of the medication and how it will help 8. Administerthe medication at the correct time9. Documenteach medication given 10. Dispose of all suppliesappropriately 11. Evaluate the effects of themedication |
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Oralmedication can be administered to infants in several ways, what are they? (4) |
- Asyringe or dropper - Amedication nipple which allows the infant to suck the medication - Mixedin small amounts of food - Aspoon or medication cup for older adults |
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What are two forms of enteral feeding? |
Orgogastric,nasogastric (NG), tanspyloric gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes. |
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What patient assessments are required before feeding someone enterally? |
PatientAssessment - Obtainthe patients base line weight - Assessfor odema, jvp distention and breath sounds - Commencea fluid balance chart to record intake and output to assess hydration status - Makeand assessment of protein calories malnutrition including history of recentweight loss, muscle atrophy, odema, weakness and lethargy -Preformabdominal assessment to determine presence of bowel sounds |
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Enteralfeeding is associated with a number of complications, what are they? |
- Aspiration - Nasopharyngeal trauma - Ulceration. Long term use can result in nausea,vomiting, diarrhea or constipation as well as electrolyte disturbances anddehydration. Contamination of the tube is fairly frequent in both hospital andhome settings. |
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What can be done to prevent infection when feeding enterally? |
Theskin around the tube opening should be cleaned at least daily using an aseptictechnique.Thetube should be flushed with 30-50mL of warm water or a digestive enzymesolution before and after feeds and medication to reduce segmentation fromformula or medications that may cause blockages. |
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What are the steps when feeding enterally? |
1. Verifythe written order 2. Givea clear explanation to the patient (whether responsive or not) includingpurposes and side effects 3. Gatherequipment 4. Ensure patient privacy 5. Position the patient 6. Preform hand hygiene and apply gloves 7. Verify correct placement of feeding tube 8. Evaluate residual volume 9. Flush the tube 10. Check the food (i.e. expiry date) and tube before administration 11. Hang the IV pole 12. Begin infusion 13. When infusion is complete administer water boluses as required 14. Pinch or clamp the tubing 15. Assist the patient to maintain comfort 16. Clean and replace equipment 17. Document |
