Week 1: Human Body Systems

Front 1

Atoms

Back 1

Tiny building blocks of matter which when combine create molecules such as; water, sugar and protein

Front 2

Molecules

Back 2

Molecules associate in specific ways to form microscopic Cells.

Hint 2

Form cells

Front 3

Cells

Back 3

Cells are made up of molecules. There are lots of different cells types

Front 4

Tissue level

Back 4

Tissue is formed with similar types of cells e.g. Smooth muscle cells. These tissues form organs

Front 5

Organ Level

Back 5

Organs are made up of different types of tissue e.g. a blood vessel consists of epithelial tissue, smooth muscle tissue and connective tissue

Front 6

Organ system level

Back 6

Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

Front 7

Organismal level

Back 7

Human organisms are made up of many organ systems

Front 8

Organ system include

Back 8

. Integumentary

. Skeletal System

. Muscular System

. Nervous System

. Endocrine System

. Cardiovascular system

. Lymphatic System

. Respiratory System

. Digestive System

. Urinary System

. Reproductive System

Front 9

Integumentary System

Back 9

. The external covering of the body; skin, hair, fingernails

. Protects the deeper tissues from injury

. Synthesizes Vitamin D (With the help of the sun It produces vitamin D)

. It excreted salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature

. Sensory receptors in the skin alert us to what is happening at the body surface (pain, pressure etc)

Front 10

Skeletal System

Back 10

. Consists of bone, cartilage and joints

. Protects and Supports the body organs

. Provides framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement

. Blood cells are formed in bone

Front 11

Muscular System

Back 11

. Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression

. Maintains posture

. Produces Heat

Front 12

Nervous System

Back 12

. Fast acting control system of the body

. Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

. Consists of Brain, sensory receptors, spinal cord, nerves

. CNS - Central Nervous System

. PNS - Peripheral Nervous System

. ANS - Autonomic Nervous System

Front 13

Endocrine System

Back 13

. Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells

. Consists of; Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thymus Gland, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Testis (male), Ovary (female)

Front 14

Cardiovascular System

Back 14

. Blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide and waste etc

. The heart pumps blood around the body

Front 15

Lymphatic System

Back 15

. Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood

. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream

. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity

. Consists of; lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

Front 16

Respiratory System

Back 16

. Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

. The gaseous exchanges occur through the alveoli in the lungs

Consists of; nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Front 17

Digestive System

Back 17

. Breaks down food into absorbable nutrients that enter the body for distribution to body cells

. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces

Consists of; oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum

Front 18

Urinary System

Back 18

. Eliminates nitrogen containing wastes from the body

. Regulates water, electrolytes and acid base balance of the blood

. Consists of; kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 19

Male Reproductive System

Back 19

. Overall function is to produce offspring

. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones

. Male reproductive structures; scrotum, penis, prostate gland, seminal vesticles and duct system

. Ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable permanent to the female reproductive tract

Front 20

Female Reproductive System

Back 20

. Overall function is for reproducing offspring

. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones

. Remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus

. Female duct system consists of; uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

. Mammary glands of the female breadt produce milk to nourish the newborn

Front 21

8 neccesary function of the body

Back 21

1) Maintain Boundaries

2) Movement

3) Responsiveness

4) Digestion

5) Metabolism

6) Excretion

7) Reproduction

8) Growth

Front 22

Maintain Boundaries

Back 22

. Inside stays in, outside stays out

. Every cell in the human body is surrounded by an external membrane that separates it from outside interstitial fluid

. Body is enclosed by the integumentary system - protects internal organs from drying out, from pathogens, damage effects from heat, and chemical substances in the external environment

Front 23

Movement

Back 23

. All activity from the muscular System ( walking, swimming etc)

. The skeletal System provides bones that the muscles pull on as they work

. Movement occurs when substances such as blood, foodstuffs and urine are propelled through internal organs

Front 24

Responsiveness

Back 24

. The ability to sense stimuli in the environment

. E.g. hot pan, move hand. Or excess CO2 in blood, increased RR.

. Nerve cells are highly irritable and communicate rapidly with each other via electrical impulses

. The nervous system bears the major responsibility for responsiveness

Front 25

Digestion

Back 25

. Process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

. Nutrient rich blood is then distributed to all the body cells by the cardiovascular system

. Blood cells use simple molecules for energy and raw material

Front 26

Metabolism

Back 26

. Broad term- chemical reaction that occurs within the body and all of its cells

. Breaking down complex substances into simpler building blocks

. Making larger structures from smaller ones

. Nutrients and oxygen to produce molecules of adenosine triphisphate (ATP). Energy rich molecules that power cellular activity

. Metabolism depends on the digestive and respiratory systems to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood and the cardiovascular system to distribute it.

. Metabolism is regulated by hormones secreted by glands of the endocrine System

Front 27

Excretion

Back 27

. Removing waste from the body

. Several organ systems participate in excretion; digestive System, urinary System, integumentary system etc.

Front 28

Reproduction

Back 28

. Reproduction of offspring can occur on the cellular or organismal level

. In cellular reproduction the original cell divides producing two identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair

. Reproduction of the human organism is the task of the reproductive system

. The function of reproduction

Front 29

Growth

Back 29

. Growth can be an increase in cell size or an increase in body size which is usually accomplished by the increase in number of cells

. For growth to occur , cellular constructing activities must occur at a faster rate than cell destroying one's

. Hormones released by the endocrine System play a major role in directing growth

Front 30

Homeostasis

Back 30

A self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

Front 31

Function of Receptors, control centre and effector in Homeostasis

Back 31

To complete

Receptors

Control system

Effectors

Front 32

Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis

Back 32

To complete Positive feedback

Negative feedback