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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunity
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The body's ability to resist and fight infections.
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Innate Immunity
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Set of inborn, general defenses against infection that do not normally change over an individual's lifetime. Comprises surface barriers, complement, inflammation, fever, and phagocytic leukocytes.
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Adaptive Immunity
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In vertebrates, set of immune defenses that can be tailored to specific pathogens encountered by an organism during its lifetime.
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Antigen
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A molecule or particle that the immune system recognizes as non-self; triggers an immune response.
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Cytokines
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Signaling molecules secreted and recognized by vertebrate leukocytes; function to coordinate the activities of leukocytes during immune responses.
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Leukocytes
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A colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell.
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Phagocytes
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A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.
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Lymphocytes
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A form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring esp. in the lymphatic system.
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B Cells (B lymphocytes)
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B lymphocyte. Only lymphocyte that makes antibodies; also functions as an antigen-presenting cell in adaptive immune responses.
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T cells (T lymphocytes)
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T lymphocyte. Lymphocyte central to adaptive immunity.
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Cytotoxic T Cells
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Phagocytic lymphocyte that targets and kills infected or cancerous body cells.
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NK Cells (Natural Killer Cells)
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Natural killer cell. Lymphocyte that can kill cancer cells undetectable by cytotoxic T cells.
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Fever
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An internally induced rise in core body temperature above the normal set point as a response to infection or injury.
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Inflammation
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A local response to tissue damage or infection; characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
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Antibody
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Y-shaped antigen receptor protein made only by B cells during an antibody-mediated immune response. Each binds specifically to the antigen that triggered its production.
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B Cell Receptors
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Membrane-bound IgM or IgD antibody on a B cell; functions in antibody-mediated immune responses.
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T Cell Receptors
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Antigen receptor on the surface of a T cell; basis of self/non-self discrimination. Initiates an adaptive immune response when it recognizes antigen-MHC marker complexes on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell.
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MCH Markers
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Self-proteins that mark human body cells and are recognized by T cell receptors. All vertebrates have versions of these proteins.
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HIV
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Retrovirus that causes AIDS.
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AIDS
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A collection of diseases that develops after infection with HIV weakens the immune system.
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