Week 9 Orthopedics-Muscles

Front 1

What type of muscle tissue is voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton?

Back 1

striated (or skeletal) muscle

Front 2

band of fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone:

Back 2

tendon

Front 3

flexible band of tissue that connects bone to bone:

Back 3

ligament

Front 4

This disability score is used to evaluate patients with
multiple sclerosis:

Back 4

Kurtzke

Front 5

a dynamometer is used to measure:

Back 5

muscle strength

Front 6

What does the RICE treatment for injuries consist of?

Back 6

rest,
ice,
compression,
elevation

Front 7

NAME THE TEST:
with the patient supine, the thigh and knee are flexed and the external malleolus is placed over the patella of the opposite leg; the knee is depressed, and if pain is produced thereby arthritis of the hip is indicated:

Back 7

Patrick's test
or
fabere sign

Front 8

How was 'fabere' sign named?

Back 8

Patrick called this test fabere sign, from the initial letters of movements that are necessary to elicit it, namely, flexion, abduction, external rotation, extension.

Front 9

How are reflexes transcribed?

Back 9

using 'grade' and arabic numerals followed (or preceded) by a plus (+) sign

Front 10

Which grade of reflexes is considered normal?

Back 10

+2 or 2+

Front 11

Name the 3 types of muscle:

Back 11

smooth (involuntary, not striated),
cardiac (involuntary, lightly striated),
skeletal (voluntary, heavily striated)

Front 12

In muscles, individual muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called:

Back 12

fascicles

Front 13

Name the 3 layers of connective tissue in skeletal muscles:

Back 13

endomysium,
perimysium,
epimysium

Front 14

Name the layer that:
is around each individual muscle fiber:

Back 14

endomysium

Front 15

Name the layer that:
is around fascicles of muscle fibers:

Back 15

perimysium

Front 16

Name the layer that is:
around entire muscle; forms the innermost layer of the deep fascia:

Back 16

epimysium

Front 17

The point at which a nerve fiber contacts a muscle cell is called:

Back 17

neuromuscular junction

Front 18

What is the name of the neuromuscular transmitter that is released from the neuron to stimulate the muscle?

Back 18

acetylcholine (ACh)

Front 19

A point of communication between cells is known as:

Back 19

a synapse

Front 20

The tiny space between the cells across which the neurotransmitter must cross is called:

Back 20

the synaptic cleft

Front 21

the muscle cell's receiving membrane is known as:

Back 21

the motor end plate

Front 22

Which property of muscle tissue is described as the ability to transmit electrical current along the plasma membranes:

Back 22

excitability

Front 23

The spreading wave of electrical stimulation that spreads along the muscle cell membrane is known as:

Back 23

the action potential;
because it calls the muscle cell into action

Front 24

What are 4 important properties of muscle tissue?

Back 24

excitability,
contractility,
extensibility,
elasticity

Front 25

A muscle fiber's capacity to undergo shortening and to change its shape, becoming thicker, is called:

Back 25

contractility

Front 26

What are the 2 proteins in muscle filaments that give muscle the striated appearance?

Back 26

actin (thin & light),
myosin (thick & dark),

they alternate to give that striated appearance

Front 27

A contracting subunit of skeletal muscle is known as:

Back 27

a sarcomere

Front 28

When a muscle is at rest, 2 additional proteins block the sites on actin filaments where cross-bridges can form. What are these 2 proteins?

Back 28

troponin,
tropomyosin

Front 29

What substance is necessary for the cross-bridges to form so that the muscle can contract?

Back 29

calcium

Front 30

Where is calcium stored?

Back 30

in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) & is released when the nerve stimulates the muscle

Front 31

ATP

Back 31

adenosine triphosphate

Front 32

What role does ATP play in muscle contraction?

Back 32

it provides the energy for the metabolic activities required within the cell --moves the myosin heads back into position for another 'powerstroke'

Front 33

What mineral is needed to allow myosin and actin to interact?

Back 33

calcium

Front 34

What chemical supplies the energy required for all muscle contractions?

Back 34

ATP, adenosine triphosphate

Front 35

What compounds are stored in muscles that supply oxygen, energy, or nutrition for the muscle cells?

Back 35

myoglobin,
glycogen,
creatine phosphate

Front 36

What compound stores additional oxygen and is similar to the blood's hemoglobin but is located specifically in muscle cells?

Back 36

myoglobin

Front 37

What compound stores additional glucose for muscle cells?

Back 37

glycogen

Front 38

What compound is similar to ATP, in that it has a high energy bond that releases energy when it is broken, & is used to make ATP when the muscle cell has used up its ATP?

Back 38

creatine phosphate

Front 39

When muscles work without oxygen, a compound is produced that causes muscles to fatigue. What is the name of this compound?

Back 39

lactic acid

Front 40

What are the 3 components of exercise?

Back 40

stretching,
aerobics,
resistance training

Front 41

An exercise program with all 3 methods of stretching, aerobics, and resistance training, with periods of warm-ups and cool-downs between is known as:

Back 41

cross-training, or
interval training

Front 42

Name the 4 functions of muscle tissue:

Back 42

movement,
posture,
joint stability,
heat production

Front 43

What is the name of the specialized muscle contraction which does not move the body but holds muscles in position?

Back 43

tonic contraction
(used in posture)

Front 44

The fleshy part of the muscle is called:

Back 44

the belly

Front 45

the layer of connective tissue that is continuous with the epimysium and surrounds and separates the muscles:

Back 45

fascia

Front 46

connective tissue sheath the project inward dividing the muscle into compartments:

Back 46

epimysium

Front 47

Name the type of muscle attachment:
tendons are used to attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone:

Back 47

indirect attachment

Front 48

Name the type of muscle attachment:
direct fusion of fibers from the epimysium with the periosteum of the bone:

Back 48

direct attachment

Front 49

Name the type of muscle attachment:
attachment to a stationary bone:

Back 49

origin

Front 50

Name the type of muscle attachment:
attachment to a bone that will be moved when the muscle contracts:

Back 50

insertion

Front 51

A muscle's partially contracted state that is normal even when the muscle is not in use is known as:

Back 51

muscle tone
(tonus)

Front 52

a white, flattened or ribbonlike tendinous expansion, usually serving to connect a muscle with the parts that it moves, and is a term formerly applied to certain fasciae.

Back 52

aponeurosis

Front 53

Muscles in movement function in pairs. What is the name of the muslce that provides the movement?

Back 53

primary mover

Front 54

Muscles in movement function in pairs. What is the name of the muslce that provides the opposite movement?

Back 54

the antagonist

Front 55

The helping muscle that stabilized the body parts is called:

Back 55

the synergist

Front 56

Name 4 facial muscles that are used in expression:

Back 56

obicularis oculi,
levator palpebrae superioris,
obicularis oris,
buccinator

Front 57

Name 2 muscles for mastication that are attached to the mandible:

Back 57

temporalis (superior to the ear),
masseter (at the angle of the jaw)

Front 58

What are the 2 muscle groups of the tongue?

Back 58

intrinsic muscles, &
extrinsic muscles

Front 59

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
vastus

Back 59

huge

Front 60

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
deltoid

Back 60

triangular

Front 61

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
rhomboid

Back 61

equal and parallel sides

Front 62

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
latissimus

Back 62

wide

Front 63

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
teres

Back 63

round

Front 64

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
trapezius

Back 64

4-sided figure with 2 sides parallel

Front 65

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
orbicularis

Back 65

circular

Front 66

GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING NAMES FOR MUSCLES:
pectoralis

Back 66

chest

Front 67

What term refers to a muscle that is made up of several bundles of muscle fibers each with its own origin and insertion?

Back 67

heads
ex: biceps, triceps, quadriceps