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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which bone is the innominate bone? (Give several names)
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hip bone (ilium, ischium, pubis)
ox coxae, os pelvicum, pelvic bone |
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What are the 5 basic shapes of bone?
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long,
short, flat, irregular, sesamoid |
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Which bone is the medial bone of the lower arm?
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ulna
(remember, anatomical position is palm facing forward) |
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Which type of bone is arranged in rings around a central canal that houses nerves and blood vessels?
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compact bone
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Which type of bone is made up of a network of small, bony plates filled with red marrow?
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cancellous bone
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What type of marrow is found at the ends of the long bones and the centers of other bones?
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red bone marrow
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What type of marrow is found in the center of long bones?
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yellow bone marrow
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What are sesamoid bones?
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numerous ovoid nodular bones, often small, usually found embedded within a tendon or joint capsule, principally in the hands and feet
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a small cavity within the bone matrix containing an osteocyte and from which slender canaliculi radiate and penetrate the adjacent lamellae to anastomose with the canaliculi of neighboring lacunae, thus forming a system of cavities interconnected by minute canals:
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bone lacuna (pl. lacunae)
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strong fibrous membrane covering over the long bone is known as:
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the periosteum
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The fibrous membrane lining the medullary cavity:
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endosteum
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What are the 2 types of bone?
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compact (dense) bone,
spongy (cancellous, trabecular) bone |
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How many bones are in the skeleton?
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206
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What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?
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axial, &
appendicular |
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What bones make up the axial skeleton?
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skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs
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How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
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126 bones
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What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
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bones of the upper extremities, lower extremities, shoulder girdle, and the pelvic girdle.
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How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
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80
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How many bones are in the skull?
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8
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Name the bones of the cranium:
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frontal bone,
parietal bones (2), occipital bone, temporal bones (2), sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone |
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NAME THE BONE:
located at the roof of the nose, between 2 orbits & separates the nasal cavity from the brain: |
ethmoid bone
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NAME THE BONE:
forms part of the orbit and helps form the floor of the cranium; forms the posterior walls of the eye sockets; contains the bony cup that houses the pituitary gland & has the pterygoid process that attach the muscles to move the soft palate & lower jaw: |
spenoid bone
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NAME THE BONE:
forms the lower sides of the cranium & contains the opening for the ear canal; has the bony projection (mastoid process) behind the ear & the sharp styloid process to which ligaments to the hyoid attach: |
temporal bones
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NAME THE BONE:
this bone forms the posterior & base of the cranium & contains the foramen magnum, the opening through which the spinal cord passes to join the brain: |
occipital bone
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NAME THE BONE:
this bone forms the forehead and top of the cranium & houses the 2 hollow sinuses above the eyebrows: |
frontal bone
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Which suture runs from front to back in the cranium?
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the sagittal suture (where the 2 parietal bones meet)
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Which suture runs side to side?
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coronal suture (runs where the frontal bone ends)
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How many facial bones are there?
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14 facial bones
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Name the facial bones:
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mandible,
maxilla (2), zygomatic bones (cheek) (2), nasal bones (2), vomer, palatine bones (2), inferior turbinates (2), lacrimal bones (2) |
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What is the name of the metabolic disorder that is characterized by many bone deformities?
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Rickets
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NAME THE DISORDER:
an interruption in the development and mineralization of the growth plate of bone, with radiographic abnormalities, osteomalacia, bone pain, fatigability, growth retardation, and often hypotonia, convulsions, and tetany: |
Rickets
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NAME THE BONE:
bone that is the deep socket that holds the head of the femur to form the hip socket: |
acetabulum
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NAME THE BONE:
the proximal bony projection of the ulna at the elbow: |
olecranon
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NAME THE BONE:
bony cup that houses the pituitary is called: |
sella turcica
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the large round opening through which the spinal cord passes to join the brain:
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foramen magnum
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The conversion from cartilage to bone is known as:
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ossification
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The matrix (of bone formation) is made up of what material?
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collagen
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Osteoclasts develop from what kind of cells?
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white blood cells--monocytes
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Osteoclasts are responsible for what process?
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resorption of bone tissue, which is necessary for bone repair after injury or remodeling of bone during bone growth.
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What 2 hormones are responsible for formation & resorption of bone tissue?
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calcitonin, from the thyroid promotes uptake of calcium by bone tissue;
parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands cause bone resorption & release of calcium into the blood. |
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a rounded, knoblike end separated from the rest of the bone by a slender region, the neck: |
a head
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a large projection of a bone, such as the superior part of the ulna in the forearm that creates the elbow: |
a process
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a rounded projection: |
a condyle
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a small projection above a condyle: |
epicondyle
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a distinct border or ridge, often rough, such as over the top of the hip bone: |
a crest
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a sharp projection from the suface of a bone, such as the marking on a shoulder bone: |
spine
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a hole that allows a vessel or a nerve to pass through or between bones: |
foramen (pl. foramina)
(note: 'en' changes to 'ina') |
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
an air space found in some skull bones: |
a sinus
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a depression on a bone surface: |
fossa (pl. fossae)
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NAME THE BONE MARKING:
a short channel or passageway such as the channel in the temporal bone of the skull that leads to the inner ear: |
meatus
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What sinuses make up the paranasal sinuses?
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sphenoid sinuses,
frontal sinuses, mastoid sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses |
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Which facial bone resembles a bat with outstretched wings?
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sphenoid bone
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Name the sutures in the cranium--how many are there?
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4
coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, & squamous suture |
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Which abnormality results from excess uric acid deposits in the joints?
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gout
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What disease involves calcification of the ligaments?
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osteoarthritis
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Another name for osteoarthritis:
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degenerative joint disease (DJD)
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What type of joint is made of fibrous connective tissue & is immovable?
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synarthrosis
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Which type of joint is slightly moveable?
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cartilaginous joint, or amphiarthrosis
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Hunchback of Notre Dame probably suffered from:
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kyphosis
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How many types of synovial joints are there? Name them:
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6;
gliding joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, saddle joint, ball-and-socket joint |
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What type of joint is freely moveable:
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synovial joint
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Name the 5 categories of vertebrae:
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cervical vertebrae,
thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccygeal vertebrae |
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anastomosing bony spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces that are filled with bone marrow:
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trabeculae (of bone)
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How many bones are in the hand?
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27
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NAME THE DISEASE:
a disease of bone marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened deformed bones of increased mass. There may be bowing of long bones and deformation of flat bones; pain and pathological fractures are associated. When it affects the bones of the skull, deafness may result. |
Paget's disease of the bone
(osteitis deformans) |
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lack of muscle strength is known as:
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myasthenia
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Muscle wasting is known as:
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myatrophy
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An area of hardening in a muscle:
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myogelosis
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Pain in the muscle is known as:
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myodynia
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condition characterized by softening of bones with weakness, pain, and bone
fragility, caused by inadequate deposition of calcium or vitamin D: |
osteomalacia
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Medial heel wedge, Shaffer plate, and Thomas heel are
devices for: |
flat feet
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What is the combination of minerals that is necessary to form the material of dense hard bone & teeth?
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calcium, &
phosphorus |
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This bone fracture occurs most frequently in children
where the bone is partially bent or split: |
greenstick fracture
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Another name for "tennis elbow:"
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epicondylitis
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X-RAY PROJECTION:
a radiographic projection of the head in which the central ray enters obliquely through the frontal bone, yielding a view of facial structures and the occipital bone; it is an anteroposterior half-axial projection. |
Towne's projection
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Number of cervical vertebrae:
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7
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number of thoracic vertebrae:
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12
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number of lumbar vertebrae:
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5
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What is the total number of vertebrae?
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26;
24 individual vertebrae + sacrum and coccyx |
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Which ribs are the 'true' ribs?
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rib pairs 1 through 7
(because they are attached to the spinal column & the sternum |
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Which are the false ribs?
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rib pairs 8 through 10
(attached to the spinal column but only to the sternum by costrochondral cartilage |
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Which ribs are the floating ribs?
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11 and 12
(only attached to the spinal column and not to the sternum) |
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What is another name for C1?
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the atlas
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What is another name for C2?
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the axis
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Which vertebra allows you to say no?
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the axis
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What are the intervetebral disks made of?
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fibrocartilage
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The process that projects toward the back (center) of the vertebra is called:
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the spinous process
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The process that projects laterally on each side is called:
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transverse process
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In regard to curvature of the spine, what are the 2 primary curves?
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thoracic curve,
& sacral curve; (both are concave curves) |
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What are the secondary curves?
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cervical curve, &
lumbar curves (both are convex curves) |
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What landmark is used in CPR to locate the region for chest compression?
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the xyphoid process at the inferior tip of the sternum
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How many bones are in the shoulder girdle and what are their names?
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2 bones in the shoulder girdle:
clavicle; scapula |
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What bones does the clavicle articulate with?
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clavicle to sternum (at the sternoclavicular joint) &
clavicle to scapula by the attachment of the clavicle to the acromion (at the acromioclavicular joint |
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What bones does the scapula articulate with?
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the humerus &
the clavicle (by attachment to the acromion on the spine of the scapula |
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Which bone is considered the 'shoulder blade?'
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the scapula
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What are the 3 distinct parts of the scapula?
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acromion process,
the spine, and the coracoid process |
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What is the bony ridge that separates the scapula into 2 unequal halves?
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spine
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The broad end of the spine which articulates with the clavicle and forms the point of the shoulder is:
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acromion process
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A hood-shaped bone that projects forward under the clavicle and is the attachment point for the arm and chest muscles is:
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coracoid process
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What is the longest bone in the body?
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femur
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What is the second longest bone in the body?
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humerus
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Where is the point of attachment between the humerus and the scapula?
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the glenoid fossa (of the scapula)
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Which bone extends from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist?
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radius
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Which bone extends from the elbow to the pinkie side of the wrist?
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ulna
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Which is considered the medial bone between the elbow and the wrist?
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the ulna
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On which bone is the olecranon located?
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the ulna
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What is the point of contact between the ulna and the humerus (on the humerus side) called?
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olecranon fossa
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How many bones are in the wrist? Name them
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8
2 rows, from thumb to pinkie: row 1: scaffoid, lunate, triquetral, & pisiform row 2: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, & hamate |
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How many bones are in the wrist & hands?
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27
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How many metacarpal bones are there? Name them:
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5 metacarpals;
not named, but numbered 1 through 5 beginning with the thumb |
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How many phalanges are there?
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14
(in 3 rows-proximal, middle, and distal) the 4 fingers have 3 bones; the thumb has 2 bones |
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What is the area where the ulna & the humerus meet called?
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the trochlea on the humerus fits into the trochlear notch on the ulna
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Another name for the trochlear notch on the ulna:
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semilunar notch
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The deep socket formed by portions of the ilium, ischium, & the pubis is called:
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the acetabulum
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What is the largest foramen of the body?
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the obturator foramen
(there are 2--one in each hip, obturator foramina) |
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Where is the greater trochanter located?
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lateral projection on the femur bone (near the head)
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On the posterior surface, there is a long central ridge which is the point for attachment of the hip muscles. What is this called?
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linea aspera
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What type of bone is the patella?
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sesamoid bone
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Which is the weight-bearing bone of the leg?
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the tibia
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The medial malleolus is located on the end of which bone?
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the tibia
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The lateral malleolus is located at the end of which bone?
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the fibula
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How many tarsal bones are there?
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7
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Name the tarsal bones:
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calcaneous (largest),
talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms (3) |
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How many toe bones are there?
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14,
3 on each of four toes, 2 on the great toe |
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Which bone of the foot articulates with the medial and lateral melleolus of the tibia and fibula?
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the talus
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Which bone of the foot is located on the medial side of the ankle and is directly under the talus and above the cuneiforms?
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navicular
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Name the cuneiform bones:
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medial to lateral:
medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform, cuboid (note spelling of cuneiform--cunEIform) |
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Endocardium
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thin serous membrane that lines the cavities of the heart
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rounded depression or socket in the pelvis that connects with the femur to form the hip joint:
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acetabulum
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sac of fluid that promotes smooth gliding of one tissue against another:
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bursa
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strong protein-based substance found in connective tissue, bone, and cartilage:
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collagen
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knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near a joint:
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condyle
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opening in bones or soft tissue where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave:
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foramen
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shallow cavity in a bone:
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fossa
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shallow depression in the scapula where the head of the humerous articulates to form the shoulder joint:
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glenoid fossa
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rounded process on both sides of the ankle joint:
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malleolus
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crescent-shaped cartilage found around some synovial joints , such as the patella:
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meniscus
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Hypertrophy
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increase in volume of an organ/tissue; "enlargement"
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area in the back of the knee that is bordered by muscles and contains blood vessels and nerves:
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popliteal space
(popliteal fossa) |
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one of the bony prominences toward the near end of the femur, which are attachment points for hip and thigh muscles (there are two on each bone):
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trochanters;
greater trochanter & lesser trochanter |
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A powerful protrusion located at the proximal and lateral part of the femur shaft:
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greater trochanter
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a pyramidal prominence rojecting from the proximal and medial part of the femur shaft:
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lesser trochanter
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bony projections of facial bones within the nasal cavity that resemble a scroll:
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turbinates
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bending or twisting toward the midline of the body:
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varus
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bending or twisting away from the midline of the body:
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valgus
(I remember this because it turns toward the lateral--"l" for lateral & valgus) |
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Name the long bones:
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femur,
tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna |
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Name the short bones:
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all metacarpals,
all metatarsals, all phalanges of the hands, all phalanges of the feet |
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Name the flat bones:
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hip bone (innominate),
scapula, 24 ribs, sternum |
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Name the irregular bones:
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facial bones,
vertebral column coccygeals, 8 carpal bones, 7 tarsal bones |
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Name the sesamoid bones:
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only 1--patella
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the long shaft of a bone is called:
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diaphysis
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hollow area in the diaphysis of the bone that contains red or yellow marrow:
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medullary cavity
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ends of the bone with red bone marrow filling the small spaces:
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epiphysis (pl. epiphyses)
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thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis that functions like a rubber cushion:
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articular cartilage
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the strong fibrous membrane covering over the long bone:
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periosteum
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fibrous membrane lining the medullary cavity:
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endosteum
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connective tissue that resembles bone but is different from bone in that the fibers are embedded in a firm gel instead of calcified cement, which gives it more flexibility:
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cartilage
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basic cell of cartilage located in the lacunae:
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chondrocyte
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the name of the small pit or hollow cavity of bone tissue that houses the osteocytes & chondrocytes:
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lacuna (lacunae)
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matrix of organized structural units in compact bone:
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Haversian systems
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each unit is comprised of concentric layers of bone cells and minerals that surround a central Haversian canal:
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lamellae
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the central canal that carries the nerve and blood supply for the bone:
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Haversian canal
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What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone?
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hyoid bone
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What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
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manubrium,
the body, the xiphoid process |
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immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure:
|
ankylosis
Called also arthrokleisis. |
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ankylosis of a vertebral joint; degenerative spinal changes due to osteoarthritis:
|
spondylosis
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extravasation of blood into a joint or its synovial cavity:
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hemarthrosis
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Prevention of perinatal HIV transmission
|
If not on therapy at onset of pregnancy, should wait until 10-12 weeks of gestation to begin
AZT (Zidovudine)- administer to newborn for 6 weeks |
|
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2 pubic bones meet and form a structure known as:
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pubic symphysis
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Name the 3 types of joints:
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fibrous (synarthroses),
cartilaginous (amphiarthroses), synovial (diarthroses) |
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immovable joints:
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synarthrosis (synarthroses)
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slightly moveable joints with some degree of flexibility and have hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between bones:
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amphiarthrosis (amphiarthroses)
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freely movable joint and the most abundant type of joint in the body:
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diarthrosis (diarthroses)
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Give an example of a synartrois:
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cranial sutures
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Give an example of an amphiarthrosis:
|
ribs & vertebrae
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Give an example of a diarthrosis:
|
knee, shoulder, etc
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NAME THE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT (DIARTHROSIS):
oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity allowing angular motion but no rotation: |
condyloid joint
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NAME THE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT (DIARTHROSIS):
articulating surfaces of both bones have concave and convex regions with the shape of bones complimenting each other and permitting a wide range of motion: |
saddle joint
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NAME THE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT (DIARTHROSIS):
rounded surface of one bone fits into a ring of bone or tendon and permits rotation: |
pivot joint
|
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NAME THE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT (DIARTHROSIS):
convex projection of one bone fits into the concave depression in another permitting flexion and extension only: |
hinge joint
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NAME THE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT (DIARTHROSIS):
flat or slightly curved surfaces are moving against each other to allow sliding or twisting without circular movement |
gliding joint
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NAME THE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT (DIARTHROSIS):
the ball-shaped end of one bone fits into the cup-shaped socket on the other bone allowing the widest range of motion including rotation: |
ball-and-socket joint
|
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Give and example:
pivot joint |
joint between the atlas and the axis;
the radioulnar joint |
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Give and example:
ball-and-socket joint |
shoulder,
hip |
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Give and example:
saddle joint |
there is only 1: the thumbs
|
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Give and example:
hinge joint |
elbow,
knee joint |
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Give and example:
gliding joint |
most of the bones of the carpals & tarsals (with a few exceptions),
the articular processes of the vertebrae |
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Give and example:
condyloid joint |
wrists,
ankles |
