Week 8.4 Ophthalmology--Mtec Notes

Front 1

refractory adjustment of flattening the lens for distant vision and thickening and rounding the lens for close vision:

Back 1

accommodation

Front 2

having 2 sides that are elevated, rounded and evenly curved. An example is the lens of the eye:

Back 2

biconvex

Front 3

constriction of the pupil in response to bright light or drugs:

Back 3

miosis

Front 4

dilation of the pupil in response to dim light or drugs:

Back 4

mydriasis

Front 5

the process of bending light rays as they pass through the cornea and to a lesser extent through the lens so that they are focused on a particular spot on the retina allowing an image to form

Back 5

refraction

Front 6

kind of vision that occurs when there is an abnormally short distance between the cornea and the retina:

Back 6

farsightedness;
hyperopia

Front 7

kind of vision that occurs when there is an abnormally long distance between the cornea and the retina:

Back 7

nearsightedness;
myopia

Front 8

structure known as "the window of the eye":

Back 8

sclera

Front 9

point where light rays focus & is the area of greatest acuity:

Back 9

fovea centralis

Front 10

donut-shaped muscle surrounding the pupil:

Back 10

ciliary muscle

Front 11

extension of the choroid layer that houses the muscles that control the shape of the lens & also produces aqueous humor:

Back 11

ciliary body

Front 12

the region in the eye where the optic nerve roots meet the retina:

Back 12

optic disk

Front 13

the part of the hypothalamus formed by the decussation, or crossing, of the fibers of the optic nerve from the medial half of each retina

Back 13

optic chiasm;

also called optic decussation

Front 14

decussation means:

Back 14

a crossing over;

such as that which occurs in the optic chiasm

Front 15

NAME THE MUSCLE:
turns the eye inferiorly

Back 15

inferior rectus

Front 16

NAME THE MUSCLE:
turns the eye away from the midline:

Back 16

lateral rectus

Front 17

NAME THE MUSCLE:
turns the eye toward the midline:

Back 17

medial rectus

Front 18

NAME THE MUSCLE:
turns the eye superiorly:

Back 18

superior rectus

Front 19

NAME THE MUSCLE:
turns the eye superiorly and laterally

Back 19

inferior oblique

Front 20

NAME THE MUSCLE:
turns the eye inferiorly and medially:

Back 20

superior oblique

Front 21

inequality in the size of the pupils caused by glaucoma, head trauma, stroke, or a tumor that damages the optic nerve that controls the iris:

Back 21

anisocoria

Front 22

inequality of vision in the two eyes:

Back 22

anisopia

Front 23

surgical removal of the lens of the eye:

Back 23

aphakia

Front 24

irregular focusing of the light rays entering the eye caused by the cornea not being sperical in shape:

Back 24

astigmatism

Front 25

inflammation of the eyelids, particularly the lid margins, caused by allergy, infection, or generalized skin disorders such as rosacea:

Back 25

blepharitis

Front 26

permanent drooping of the eyelid, either congenital or acquired:

Back 26

blepharoptosis

Front 27

complete or partial opacity of the ocular lens:

Back 27

cataract

Front 28

small, painless, localized swellin on the margin or body of the eyelid caused by blockage of sebaceous ducts:

Back 28

chalazion

Front 29

inflammation of the mucous membranes covering the anterior portion of the eyeball and lining of the eyelids:

Back 29

conjunctivitis (pinkeye)

Front 30

painful scratch and/or ulceration of the eye due to loss of the surface epithelium:

Back 30

corneal abrasion

Front 31

infection of the lacrimal sac by the same bacterium that causes skin, nose, and ear infections, with tenderness and sac containing pus:

Back 31

dacryocystitis

Front 32

a result of diabetes which causes weakness of vessels resulting in leakage or rupture and scarring; also responsible for abnormal growth of vessels in the retina which left unchecked may result in detachement of the retina and vision loss:

Back 32

diabetic retinopathy

Front 33

double vision:

Back 33

diplopia

Front 34

an outward rolling of the margin of the eyelid causing the eye to become dry and irritated:

Back 34

ectropion

Front 35

inversion or turning inward of the margin of the eyelid causing it to rub against the conjunctiva:

Back 35

entropion

Front 36

bulging or protrusion of one or both eyeballs:

Back 36

exophthalmos

Front 37

plastic surgery on the edge of the eyelid, such as for treatment of trichiasis.

Back 37

tarsocheiloplasty

Front 38

brief bursts of light occurring when the vitreous humor pulls on the retina:

Back 38

flashers

Front 39

clumps of debris or strings of collagen that form in the vitreous humor as a result of aging:

Back 39

floaters

Front 40

inflammation of the sebaceous gland of the eye:

Back 40

hordeolum

Front 41

the "lay" term for hordeolum:

Back 41

sty

Front 42

ocular deviation with one eye higher than the other:

Back 42

hypertropia

Front 43

inflammation of the cornea:

Back 43

keratitis

Front 44

progressive degeneration of the macula of the retina:

Back 44

macular degeneration

Front 45

condition in which the eyeball is abnormally long or there is too much curve to the cornea so that images are focused anterior to the retina:

Back 45

myopia; or nearsightedness

Front 46

inflammation and edema of the optic disk caused by head trauma or brain tumor resulting in intracranial pressure:

Back 46

papilledema

Front 47

loss of flexibility of the lens with blurry near vision and loss of accommodation:

Back 47

presbyopia

Front 48

separation of the retina from the choroid layer:

Back 48

retinal detachment

Front 49

abnormal deposits of peigmentation behind the rods and cones causing loss of color vision or night vision and loss of central or peripheral vision & can lead to blindness:

Back 49

retinitis pigmentosa

Front 50

abnormal retinal cells causing cancerous tumors in the eyes of children:

Back 50

retinoblastoma

Front 51

a yellow coloration of the white of the eye:

Back 51

scleral icterus

Front 52

inflammation of the white of the eye usually associated with rheumatoid arthritis & may be the first marker of a connective tissue disorder:

Back 52

scleritis

Front 53

a temporary or permanent visual field defect in one or both eyes which can be patchy or solid, stationary or moving & due to destruction of the retina or optic nerve branches as a result of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or macular degeneration:

Back 53

scotoma

Front 54

failure of the eyes to look in the same direction at the same time:

Back 54

strabismus

Front 55

inflammation of the uveal tract including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid:

Back 55

uveitis

Front 56

raised, yellowish plaque on eyelids or the medial canthus caused by lipid disorders:

Back 56

xanthelasma

Front 57

loss of one half of the visual field (right, left, top, or bottom):

Back 57

hemianopia

Front 58

prior to migraine, a patient may see a scintillating scotoma (a moving line of brilliantly flashing bars of light):

Back 58

hemianopsia

Front 59

insufficient production of tears:

Back 59

xerophthalmia

Front 60

diagnostic procedure used to detect retinal microaneurysms, leaking and hemorrhages, in which an orange dye is injected into the periphery of the eye and travels to the retinal artery & will glow a fluorescent green on flash photography:

Back 60

fluorescein angiography

Front 61

a procedure where fluorescein is applied toically to the cornea and a blue light used to examine the eye to detect corneal abrasions, which will appear fluorescent green:

Back 61

fluorescein staining

Front 62

test used for testing acuity of near vision:

Back 62

Jaeger chart

Front 63

exam that looks for abnormalities of the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, or lens:

Back 63

slit-lamp exam

Front 64

test used for testing visual acuity:

Back 64

Snellen chart

Front 65

term used for a measure of clarity of vision in a person using the Snellen chart

Back 65

visual acuity

Front 66

test used to assess the macula:

Back 66

Amsler grid

Front 67

What test is used to test tear production using a
piece of filter paper that is inserted over the conjunctival
sac of the lower lid?

Back 67

Schirmer test

(look out for trick questions like "Shiller test" as on powerpoint

Front 68

A yellow water-based dye that is used to outline corneal
abrasions is called ___________.

Back 68

fluorescein

Front 69

What is another term for "lazy eye?"

Back 69

amblyopia

Front 70

ala/o-

Back 70

blind