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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy of respitaroy tract
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air-nose/mouth-eppiglotis-glottis-pharynx-trachea-left/right bronchi-bronchioles
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Function of epiglottis
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prevent food from entering respiratory tract
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Function of glottis
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cover vocal chord
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What could cause asthma/bronchitis?
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contraction of bronchioles
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What is in the respiratory zone
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Alveoli
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What is function of alveoli?
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sites of gas exchange, covered in capillary beds that increase SA for exchange
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What is the diaphragm and function?
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contractile muscle lungs that cause lungs to expand when contracted
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What is boyle's law?
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(Pressure)(Volume)=constant
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what is tidal volume?
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amount of air in single breath
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what is vital capacity
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maximum inspiration + max expiration
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What is residual volume?
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actual Lung capacity - vital capacity
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inspiration pathway
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diaphram contract-thorax gets larger, rib cage expands-volume of lungs increase-pressure in lungs decrease below atm pressure=air flows into lungs
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expiration pathway
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diaphragm relax-rib cage contract-volume of lungs decrease-internal pressure rises above atm pressure-air flows out
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At natural state of rest, which respiration pathway needs energy?
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only inspiration needs energy, expiration is passive
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What are the stimuli for breathing?
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1. CO2 increase-strongest stimulus
2.pH decrease 3.O2 decrease |
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what regulates respiration?
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medulla oblongata, pons,chemoreceptors in aorta & corotid sinuses
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What is hemoglobin?
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uses iron to bind up to 4 O2 subunits
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Describe cooperativity(Hb)
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Hb affinity to O2 increases as more O2 binds to it
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Dissociation curve?
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Shows cooperativity with sigmoidal curve:
Left shift-increase O2 affinity, Hb more likely to bind O2 |
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when does a left shift in dissociation curve occur?
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low temp, low metobolism, low pH
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What is myoglobin?
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storage protein for O2 within cells, only has one subunit
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Where is myoglobin found, and which mammals have large amounts of this?
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skeletal muscle cells, diving mammalss so they can go long periods without breathing
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How does body speed up reaction speed for CO2 transport?
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carbonic anhydrase enzyme
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What does the larynx contain
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glottis and epiglottis
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Respiratory system in a bird?
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flow of air is unidirectional, series of air sacs that are effective
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What is the plura?
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Connective tissue membrane that covers each lung and wall of chest.
Closed cavity |
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Why do lungs have a tendency to recoil?
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Lungs have elastic fibers, surface tension
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What do lung surfactants do?
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decrease surface area (Surface tension) to prevent alveolar collapse
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What is residual volume?
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Air that is always in the lungs, cannot be expelled. approx. 1L
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What is expiratory reserve volume?
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additional amount of air you can breathe out after tidal expiration (through forced expiration)
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what is Inspiratory reserve volume?
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additional amount of air you can breathe in after tidal inspiration by forced inspiration
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How is carbon dioxide transported out of lungs?
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CO2 reacts with water-carbonic acid- H+ ions + HCO3
Lungs reverse bicarbonate reaction, CO2 diffuses out of RBS into alveoli-exhaled out Also, Hb picks up some CO2 and releases it in lungs |
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During exercise, what is expiration caused by?
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active contraction of muscle- volume decreases, and pressure increases
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Countercurrent flow of water and blood makes a partial pressure gradient where O2 does what?
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diffuses from water into blood
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