Week 8 Immuno 1 Plfsom Jr

Front 1

IL-4 in relation to TH2 cells

Back 1

IL-4 (from mast cells and pre-existing TH2 cells) favors development of naïve T cells into TH2 cells

Front 2

IL-4 activates _______ which induces expression of GATA-3, a transcription factor

Back 2

STAT6

Front 3

What are the 4 functions of TH2 cells

Back 3

Parasites, allergy, healing, neut. Abs.

Front 4

What are the TH2 signature cytokines?

Back 4

IL-4!!!!, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10

Front 5

Function: IL-4 (+ IL-13)

Back 5

promotes B cell isotype switching to IgE (important in immunity to helminths, allergy)

Front 6

Function: IL-4 (2)

Back 6

promotes B cell isotype switching to IgG4 - neutralizing antibody

Front 7

Function: IL-5

Back 7

potentially activates eosinophils (helps expel helminthic parasites, worms)

Front 8

Function: IL-13

Back 8

stimulates mucous secretion (helps expel parasites)

Front 9

Function: IL-4, 10, 13

Back 9

promote alternative macrophage activation (after inflammation comes healing)

Front 10

Relationship between TH1 and TH2 in outcome or healing of infection

Back 10

TH1=IFN-y, TH2=IL-4, 13, 10. TH1 responses promote inflammation, TH2 can promote healing, but TH2 responses can also contribute to tissue damage (ie allergy)

Front 11

IL-23 is a lot like _______

Back 11

IL-12

Front 12

IL-___ and ______ are very important anti-inflammatory cytokines

Back 12

IL-10, TGF-B

Front 13

Alternative activation of macrophages (M2) occurs by action of what 3 interleukins?

Back 13

IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 (from TH2 cells)

Front 14

What do macrophages produce when alternatively activated?

Back 14

TGF-B, IL-10, growth factors, MMPs

Front 15

TGF-B is anti-inflammatory, but it is _______ which leads to _______

Back 15

fibrogenic, scarring

Front 16

IL-___ also contributes to fibrosis/scarring

Back 16

13

Front 17

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome is caused by a mutation in the ______ gene

Back 17

CD40L

Front 18

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome results in an inability to______

Back 18

class switch from IgM to IgG

Front 19

Switching to IgA is stimulated by

Back 19

TGF-B

Front 20

Switching to IgG1 and IgG3 is stimulated by

Back 20

IFN-y

Front 21

Switching to IgE is stimulated by ________

Back 21

IL-4, IL-13

Front 22

Switching to IgG4 is stimulated by

Back 22

IL-4

Front 23

IgG1 and IgG3 are effective ________

Back 23

opsonizing antibodies

Front 24

IgE responds to

Back 24

helminths, allergens

Front 25

IgG4 is a _______antibody

Back 25

neutralizing

Front 26

TH2 responses produce what neutralizing antibody?

Back 26

IgG4

Front 27

What effect does the Fab region have on microbes?

Back 27

it binds the microbe, preventing it from attaching/infecting a new cell

Front 28

Fab region binds toxin and prevents it from binding to host cell and exerting toxif effect

Front 29

Is the Fc region important for function in neitralizing antibodies?

Back 29

not really

Front 30

What are the opsonizing molecules?

Back 30

IgG1, IgG3, C3b

Front 31

What is the receptor on macrophages for IgG1 or IgG3?

Back 31

FcyR1

Front 32

What is the receptor on macrophages for C3b?

Back 32

CR1

Front 33

Is the Fc region important for function in opsonizing antibodies?

Back 33

Yes

Front 34

TH__ responses produce opsonizing antibodies

Back 34

TH1

Front 35

Fc receptors and opsonization

Back 35

Fc receptors (FcgRI) on phagocytes bind IgG1 or IgG3 on microbe, assists phagocytosis

Front 36

Mast cells and Fc recetors

Back 36

Mast cells/basophils degranulate when IgE bound to their Fc receptors (FceR1) is cross-linked by antigen (helminth or allergen)

Front 37

IgM, IgG1, IgG3 activate classical complement pathway, can cause complement mediated:

Back 37

lysis, phagocytosis (C3b binds to CR1 on phagocytes), and inflammation

Front 38

splenectomy predisposes patients to _______

Back 38

disseminated infections with encapsulated bacteria

Front 39

What cells express FcyR1?

Back 39

macrophages, neutrophils

Front 40

FcgRIIB

Back 40

B cell feedback inhibition by IgG receptor, activates ITIM

Front 41

FcgRIIB In treatment of autoimmune disease

Back 41

controversial, over used, expensive

Front 42

FcgRIIIA

Back 42

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Front 43

What cells express FcgRIIIA?

Back 43

NK cells

Front 44

What does FcgRIIIA allow NK cells to do?

Back 44

allows them to bind/kill IgG coated target cells

Front 45

IgM, IgG1, and IgG3 bind_____

Back 45

complement (classical pathway)

Front 46

IgM, IgG1, and IgG3 opsonize microbes for phagocytosis becaue they bind ____ receptors on phagocytes, usually FcyR1 on phagocytes

Back 46

Fc

Front 47

How does IgG4 neutralize viruses?

Back 47

by binding them and rendering them noninfective

Front 48

FcER1 is expressed on what cells?

Back 48

mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

Front 49

What does FcER1 activate?

Back 49

the degranulation of mast cells and basophils

Front 50

IgE and mast, basophils, and eosinophil activation

Back 50

IgE binds with very high affinity to FcER1, which activates mast cells because of ITAMS on FcER1. Activation results in degranulation of histamine and lipid mediators

Front 51

Mediators released from activated mast cells are toxic to ________

Back 51

helminthic parasites (worms)

Front 52

What interleukins to activated mast cells produce?

Back 52

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (Like TH2 cells)

Front 53

IL-___ from mast and TH2 cells potently activate eosinophils

Back 53

IL-5

Front 54

What in eosinophils helps expel helminthic parasites?

Back 54

major basic protein

Front 55

helminthic parasites synonym

Back 55

worms

Front 56

Do IgE responses also cause damage to host cells?

Back 56

Yes

Front 57

TH2/IgE responses occur more often in people who are ______ (genetically predisposed to allergy)

Back 57

atopic

Front 58

On first exposure to antigen, what is produced?

Back 58

TH2 and IgE

Front 59

Type 1 (IgE) hypersensitivity occurs ____________ upon repeat exposure to antigen

Back 59

immediately

Front 60

Do T cells and certain V regions on B chain activated nonspecifically in superantigen exposure?

Back 60

Yes

Front 61

What do superantigens cause in relation to MHC/TCR molecules?

Back 61

non-specific cross-link that activates the cell with the MHC (often macrophages)