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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Components of cardiovascular system |
Heart- organ that pumps blood through the system Blood- form of connective tissue that has a fluid component, plasma and a variety of cells and substances Blood vessels- network of passages to transport the blood to and from body cells |
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Function of cardiovascular system |
Pump materials throughout the body Transport blood to various parts of the body Deliver vital materials and remove waste Return excess tissue fluid to general circulation |
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Structure of the heart |
Heart is surrounded by a serous membrane called the pericardium Outer layer of the heart wall is called epicardium Middle layer of the heart wall is myocardium Heart is lined inside by epithelium called endocardium |
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Heart chambers |
Atria (receiving chamber) -Right and left atrium Ventricles (discharging chambers) -right and left ventricle |
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Blood vessels |
Arteries- take blood away from the heart Arterioles- transport blood from arteries to capillaries Capillaries- very small diameter blood vessels found in tissue beds Venules- small blood vessels that transport blood from capillaries to veins Veins- return blood back to the heart |
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Arteries and veins |
Arteries- Aorta: from the heart to the body Pulmonary artery: from the heart to the lungs Veins- Superior and inferior Vena Cava: return from the body Pulmonary vein: return from the lungs |
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Cardiovascular circulation |
Acts as a double pump Systematic circulation- heart->body->heart Takes oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body tissues Return deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium Pulmonary circulation- Heart->lungs->heart Take deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs Return oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium |
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Heart valves |
Allow blood to flow in one direction only to prevent back flow 4 valves include: 1. Atrioventricular (AV) valves- between Syria and ventricles *bicuspid (mitral) valve (left side of heart) - 2 flaps *tricuspid valve (right side of heart)- 3 flaps 2. Semilunar (SL) valves- between ventricles and artery and have three leaflets *pulmonary semilunar valve- between right ventricle and pulmonary artery *aortic semilunar valve- between left ventricle and aorta |
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Cardiac cycle |
Comprises the events of one complete heartbeat 2 phases (ventricle movements): Systole- ventricular contraction Diastole- ventricular relaxation |
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Intrinsic conduction system (ICC) |
Example of electricity in the body Structures involved in the ICC are not nervous tissue but modified heart muscle cells. The ICC functions to maintain regular rhythmic beating of the heart (autorhythmicity) Coordinates contractions so that the atria and ventricles take turns contracting and heart beats in time |
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Coronary circulation |
Coronary blood vessels- supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood Coronary arteries- branch off the aorta Coronary veins- return blood via coronary sinus into right atrium |
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Blood vessels 2.0 |
Provide a closed transport system for blood transport Blood leaves the heart from aorta -> arteries -> arterioles Blood returns to the heart Vena cava <- veins <- venules |
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Blood vessel tissue layers |
Tunica intima- squamous epithelium Tunica media- smooth muscle, elastic tissue, collagen Tunica externa- fibrous connective tissue Blood vessels is controlled by nervous system constricting and dilating the smooth muscle layer in the tunica media |
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Blood function |
Transport oxygen, nutrients, wastes and hormones through the body Aid in distribution of heat Regulate the acid/base balance Protect against infection |
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Blood components |
1)Plasma: - straw colour liquid - 90% water -composition- water, nutrients, salts, oxygen, gas, hormones, plasma proteins -comprises 55% blood volume 2)Formed elements - erythrocytes: red blood cells - leukocytes: white blood cells - thrombocytes: platelets |
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Erythrocytes |
No nucleus and unable to divide and form new cells Created in red bone marrow by erythropoiesis Transport oxygen from lungs to cells via haemoglobin Help transport carbon dioxide from cells to lungs for removal from the body |
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Leukocytes |
Protect against invasion and infection Larger than any RBC’s Different forms and shapes |
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White blood cells |
Classified according to appearance of nucleus Granulocytes originate from red bone marrow -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils Agranulocytes- originate from bone marrow but mature in the lymphoid and myeloid tissue -monocytes -lymphocytes |
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Blood types |
Determined by antigens on the surface of red blood cells Type A Type B Type AB Type O |
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Antigen & antibodies |
Antigen is a protein on cell surfaces that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodie |
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Leukocytes |
Protect against invasion and infection Larger than any RBC’s Different forms and shapes |
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White blood cells |
Classified according to appearance of nucleus Granulocytes originate from red bone marrow -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils Agranulocytes- originate from bone marrow but mature in the lymphoid and myeloid tissue -monocytes -lymphocytes |
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Blood types |
Determined by antigens on the surface of red blood cells Type A Type B Type AB Type O |
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Antigen & antibodies |
Antigen is a protein on cell surfaces that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies which fight foreign invaders The events that occur between antigen and antibodies is called antigen-antibody reaction and is the basis for immune response |
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Blood transfusion |
Person needing a transfusion must be given blood from compatible donor Transfusion reactions are immune reactions that occur when blood is received from an incompatible donor Incompatibility of blood types is partially due to antigens If antibodies react with antigens they stick and clump together, destroying red blood cells |
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Disorders of cardiovascular system |
Coronary artery disease High blood pressure Cardiac arrest |
