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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is andropause
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gradual decline in testosterone levels occurying in men typically in their 50's; likely due to decrease in GnRH (gonatropin-releasing hormone); relative or absolute hypogonadism (diminished functionability of the gonads)
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What are the effects from andropause
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*Diminished libido, sexual function, fertility *depression *memory impairment *decreased muscle mass and increased adipose tissue *osteoporosis *anemia
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What is Erectile dysfunction and who does it effect
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It is the inability to attain or mantain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance and affects half of men aged 40-70
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What are possible causes of ED and how would we test for that
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It can be caused by psychogenic or organic causes and the nocturnal penile tumescence test can be preformed
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What treatment options are avilable for ED
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There are pharmacologic treatments, penile implants (for organic causes), lifestyle modifications and also support groups/counseling
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What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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age-related non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland
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Where do lesions grow in BPH
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Lesions usually grow on the urethral side
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What results because of BPH
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it leads to urethral compression leading to urinary retention
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How is HIV transmitted and how does it work
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it is transmitted through bodily fluids and infects CD4+ T cells as a retrovirus
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How can HIV be prevented
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condoms/dental dams, nonoxyl-9 microbicide, circumcision?
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What are the clinical manifestations of HIV
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Skin lesions, GI issues, cancers, neurologic issues, respiratory issues
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What are treatments available for HIV
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opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapies
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What is HSV-1 and HSV-2 and how is it transmitted
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It is herpes simplex virus and HSV-1 is usually oral whereas HSV-2 is usually genital; transmitted through skin-to-skin contact including self-transmission even when no lesion is present; CAN be transmitted during vaginal childbirth
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What is the recommended nursing care for HSV
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*Education : preventing transmission, safer sexual practices, treatment options, and anticipatory guidance/disease progression. *Reduce anxiety ; *Pain management
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What are clinical manifestations of HSV I & II and what can prompt an "outbreak"
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It manifests as painful ulcerations because the virus resides in the nerve ganglia leading to recurrence; stress, sunburn, trauma, inadequate rest can all bring on a recurrence
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What is HPV and how is it transmitted
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It is human papillomavirus and is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact (most common STI amongst young, sexually active
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What is the recommended nursing care for HPV
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*Education : preventing transmission, safer sexual practices, treatments, and anticipatory guidance/disease progression. *Reduce anxiety ; *Pain management
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How many strains of HPV are there and which are most dangerous
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there are more than 100 strains and 6 and 11 can cause condylomata and strains 16,18,31,33 & 45 are associated with cervical cancer in women and throat/head and neck cancer in men and women (smoking)
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What is Syphilis
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STI or vertically during pregnancy ; it is treponema pallidum, spirochete ;
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What are the stages of Syphilis
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Primary: marked by a painless chancre ; Secondary: rash on trunk, palms of hands, soles of feet ; Tertiary: slowly progressive inflammatory disease
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What tests and treatments are available for Syphilis
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Tests: identification of spirochete from lesion swab or serology (VDRL/RPR) ; Treatment is with Penicillin G and supportive nursing care
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What is Chlamydia
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Most common bacterial STD in the US
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What can chlamydia cause
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Genital tract infections, Proctitis, Conjunctivitis, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Ophthalmia and pneumonia in infants, PID (if untreated in women (also ectopic pregnancy and infertility, and Sterility
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What are the treatments for chlamydia for uncomplicated infections
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For adults and adolescents uncomplicated infections can be treated through medication (Azithromycin and Doxycycline)
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What is gonorrhea
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae official name for this gram-negatice diplococcus that is 2nd in new cases each year in the US (after chlamydia) ; transmitted almost exclusively by sexual contact
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What are the symptoms of gonorrhea
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Men: complaints of burning sensation with urination and pus draining from penis whereas WOMEN: often asymptomatic or mild cervicitis; serious infection may result in sterility
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What are the causes of gonorrhea
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urethral, cervical, and rectal infection ; pharyngeal infection ; conjunctivitis
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What are the treatments for gonorrhea
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cephalosporins preferred ; CDC recommends NOT using fluoroquinolones for gonorrhea ; specific meds include cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin
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What is hepatitis how many kinds are there and what does it cause
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virus that causes inflammation of the liver 3 types, A, B, and C
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What is acute hepatitis
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Hepatitis A which is a foodborne virus that causes nausea, diarrhea, and liver inflammation
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What tests are used to detect viral hepatitis
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serology for antigens and antibodies (IgM & IgG)
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What is HBV and what is damaged because of it
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HBV is hepatitis B virus and it causes 1.direct cellular damage from the virus and 2.damage is caused from the inflammatory response
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How is Hep B transmitted
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1. Body fluids (sex, needle sharing, MSM population vunerable) 2. Vertically (mother to baby)
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What are names of the markers the course of the Hep B can be followed with
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Anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-Hbe, and HBsAg
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What is the early infection marker of Hepatitis B
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HBsAg is the Hep B surface antigen used for early infection marker
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What is HCV
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Hepatitis C Virus
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How is HCV transmitted
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Transmitted through body fluids and vertically
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What are common ways in which HCV is transmitted
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-IV drug use -Injection drug users -MSM/high risk sexual behaviors
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What are the tests used to determine HCV
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serum test for HCV (EXPENSIVE) and antibody test (RISK FOR FALSE POSITIVES)
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What are the 5 areas of education when giving nursing care to a patient diagnosed with Hepatitis
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1. Rest (significant infection) 2.Anticipatory Guidance (regular blood work, avoid alcohol and tylenol) 3. Avoiding transmission (use of condoms) 4.When to seek medical advice (jaundice, fever, uncontrollable vomiting) 5.Reducing isolation (don't need to hide from society, stigamatized)
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MALE URINARY/REPRODUCTIVE/STIs
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WEEK SEVEN
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What is andropause
|
gradual decline in testosterone levels occurying in men typically in their 50's; likely due to decrease in GnRH (gonatropin-releasing hormone); relative or absolute hypogonadism (diminished functionability of the gonads)
|
|
|
What are the effects from andropause
|
*Diminished libido, sexual function, fertility *depression *memory impairment *decreased muscle mass and increased adipose tissue *osteoporosis *anemia
|
|
|
What is Erectile dysfunction and who does it effect
|
It is the inability to attain or mantain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance and affects half of men aged 40-70
|
|
|
What are possible causes of ED and how would we test for that
|
It can be caused by psychogenic or organic causes and the nocturnal penile tumescence test can be preformed
|
|
|
What treatment options are avilable for ED
|
There are pharmacologic treatments, penile implants (for organic causes), lifestyle modifications and also support groups/counseling
|
|
|
What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
|
age-related non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland
|
|
|
Where do lesions grow in BPH
|
Lesions usually grow on the urethral side
|
|
|
What results because of BPH
|
it leads to urethral compression leading to urinary retention
|
|
|
How is HIV transmitted and how does it work
|
it is transmitted through bodily fluids and infects CD4+ T cells as a retrovirus
|
|
|
How can HIV be prevented
|
condoms/dental dams, nonoxyl-9 microbicide, circumcision?
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of HIV
|
Skin lesions, GI issues, cancers, neurologic issues, respiratory issues
|
|
|
What are treatments available for HIV
|
opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapies
|
|
|
What is HSV-1 and HSV-2 and how is it transmitted
|
It is herpes simplex virus and HSV-1 is usually oral whereas HSV-2 is usually genital; transmitted through skin-to-skin contact including self-transmission even when no lesion is present; CAN be transmitted during vaginal childbirth
|
|
|
What is the recommended nursing care for HSV
|
*Education : preventing transmission, safer sexual practices, treatment options, and anticipatory guidance/disease progression. *Reduce anxiety ; *Pain management
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of HSV I & II and what can prompt an "outbreak"
|
It manifests as painful ulcerations because the virus resides in the nerve ganglia leading to recurrence; stress, sunburn, trauma, inadequate rest can all bring on a recurrence
|
|
|
What is HPV and how is it transmitted
|
It is human papillomavirus and is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact (most common STI amongst young, sexually active
|
|
|
What is the recommended nursing care for HPV
|
*Education : preventing transmission, safer sexual practices, treatments, and anticipatory guidance/disease progression. *Reduce anxiety ; *Pain management
|
|
|
How many strains of HPV are there and which are most dangerous
|
there are more than 100 strains and 6 and 11 can cause condylomata and strains 16,18,31,33 & 45 are associated with cervical cancer in women and throat/head and neck cancer in men and women (smoking)
|
|
|
What is Syphilis
|
STI or vertically during pregnancy ; it is treponema pallidum, spirochete ;
|
|
|
What are the stages of Syphilis
|
Primary: marked by a painless chancre ; Secondary: rash on trunk, palms of hands, soles of feet ; Tertiary: slowly progressive inflammatory disease
|
|
|
What tests and treatments are available for Syphilis
|
Tests: identification of spirochete from lesion swab or serology (VDRL/RPR) ; Treatment is with Penicillin G and supportive nursing care
|
|
|
What is Chlamydia
|
Most common bacterial STD in the US
|
|
|
What can chlamydia cause
|
Genital tract infections, Proctitis, Conjunctivitis, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Ophthalmia and pneumonia in infants, PID (if untreated in women (also ectopic pregnancy and infertility, and Sterility
|
|
|
What are the treatments for chlamydia for uncomplicated infections
|
For adults and adolescents uncomplicated infections can be treated through medication (Azithromycin and Doxycycline)
|
|
|
What is gonorrhea
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae official name for this gram-negatice diplococcus that is 2nd in new cases each year in the US (after chlamydia) ; transmitted almost exclusively by sexual contact
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea
|
Men: complaints of burning sensation with urination and pus draining from penis whereas WOMEN: often asymptomatic or mild cervicitis; serious infection may result in sterility
|
|
|
What are the causes of gonorrhea
|
urethral, cervical, and rectal infection ; pharyngeal infection ; conjunctivitis
|
|
|
What are the treatments for gonorrhea
|
cephalosporins preferred ; CDC recommends NOT using fluoroquinolones for gonorrhea ; specific meds include cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
What is hepatitis how many kinds are there and what does it cause
|
virus that causes inflammation of the liver 3 types, A, B, and C
|
|
|
What is acute hepatitis
|
Hepatitis A which is a foodborne virus that causes nausea, diarrhea, and liver inflammation
|
|
|
What tests are used to detect viral hepatitis
|
serology for antigens and antibodies (IgM & IgG)
|
|
|
What is HBV and what is damaged because of it
|
HBV is hepatitis B virus and it causes 1.direct cellular damage from the virus and 2.damage is caused from the inflammatory response
|
|
|
How is Hep B transmitted
|
1. Body fluids (sex, needle sharing, MSM population vunerable) 2. Vertically (mother to baby)
|
|
|
What are names of the markers the course of the Hep B can be followed with
|
Anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-Hbe, and HBsAg
|
|
|
What is the early infection marker of Hepatitis B
|
HBsAg is the Hep B surface antigen used for early infection marker
|
|
|
What is HCV
|
Hepatitis C Virus
|
|
|
How is HCV transmitted
|
Transmitted through body fluids and vertically
|
|
|
What are common ways in which HCV is transmitted
|
-IV drug use -Injection drug users -MSM/high risk sexual behaviors
|
|
|
What are the tests used to determine HCV
|
serum test for HCV (EXPENSIVE) and antibody test (RISK FOR FALSE POSITIVES)
|
|
|
What are the 5 areas of education when giving nursing care to a patient diagnosed with Hepatitis
|
1. Rest (significant infection) 2.Anticipatory Guidance (regular blood work, avoid alcohol and tylenol) 3. Avoiding transmission (use of condoms) 4.When to seek medical advice (jaundice, fever, uncontrollable vomiting) 5.Reducing isolation (don't need to hide from society, stigamatized)
|
