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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exogenous pyrogen
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substances that come from outside of the body and cause fever
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Examples of exo pyrogens?
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bacterial LPS (endotoxin)
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endogenous pyrogen
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substances produced by the body that cause fever.
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Relationship between exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
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exogenous pyrogens cause the body to react bu producing endogenous pyrogens
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Receptor for LPS that causes endogenous pyrogens to be produced
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TLR4
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feedback loop involving NK cells and IFN-y
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NK cells produce IFN-y when activated by IL-12 produced by macrophages. IFN-y from NK cells feeds back and activates macrophages to produce even larger amounts of pro inflammatory cytokines
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In response to IL-6 and TNF-a, the liver produces _______
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the actue phase proteins
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What are the acute phase proteins?
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CRP, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A (SAA).
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What do CRP and SAA do?
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bind to microbial walls and bind complement which helps opsonize bacteria for phagocytosis.
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CRP binds ________ to activate the________pathway.
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C1q, classical
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How does fever help us?
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takes bacteria out of their optimal groth temperature and increases the metabolism of phagocytic cells, enabling them to do their job even faster.
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What do superantigens do?
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activate a huge number of T cells
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are superantigens actually antigens?
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NO!
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How do superantigens activate T cells?
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by binding and crosslinking MHC class 2 molecules to the VB regions of TCRs
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Can any one super antigen activate all T cells?
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NO
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Only T cells with TCRS encoded by a certain _________ of gene segments are bound by a particular superantigen
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VB family
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What are examples of superantigens?
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toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) produced by Staph. Aureus. 2- streptococcal erythrogenic or pyrogenic exotoxin produced by S. Pyogenes.
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Staphlococcal enterotoxins are capable of activating as many as _________ peripheral blood T cells.
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1 in 5
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Super antigens simply bind the TCRs to the MHC 2 complex causing the activation of T cells
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superantigens cause the activation of a huge number of T cells, which release IFN-y, which activates macrophages, which secrete IL-1 and TNF-a and IL-6
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