Week 6 Strep Throat Plfsom

Front 1

What are the top 4 bacterial suspects in sore throat?

Back 1

Streptococcus pyogenes*
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 2

What are rare causes of pharyngitis in children?

Back 2

Group C Streptococcus
Group G Streptococcus

Front 3

What bacterial molecules associated with gram positive organisms stimulate the acute phase inflammatory reaction?

Back 3

Teichoic acids

Front 4

What are the ports of entry for bacterial pathogenesis?

Back 4

respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, conjunctiva, urogenital tract or a wound

Front 5

How is S. pyogenes acquired?

Back 5

inhaled droplets which then adhere to the host epithelium

Front 6

What is a virulence factor?

Back 6

genetic trait that infectious agents use to enter and remain in a particular niche and cause disease.

Front 7

What are pathogenicity islands?

Back 7

Groups of virulence genes that are physically linked and are expressed in a coordinate fashion.

Front 8

What are some examples of adhesins?

Back 8

Pili ( ex Neisseria infections of genitourinary tract)
P fimbriae (ex Uropathogenic E. coli UPEC)
Slime or capsular material

Front 9

How does S. Pyogenes adhere to its host?

Back 9

Fimbriae with M protein which adheres to host cells and is the main antigenic component ( highly variable). F protein binds to fibronectin in the pharyngeal epithelium
Lipoteichoic acid ( LTA) also contributes to adhesion

Front 10

What are some examples of bacteria that defeat the host cell's ciliated epithelium?

Back 10

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bordetella sp, Chlamydia pneumoniae

Front 11

What do streptolysin S&O do?

Back 11

cause cell lysis and can disrupt lysosomal membrane after engulfment causing release of lysosomal contents

Front 12

What are some protein synthesis toxins?

Back 12

Diphtheria toxin, Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas, Shiga toxin, Verotoxin of E. coli

Front 13

What are some toxins that increase cAMP or effects G protein function resulting in ionic imbalance?

Back 13

Cholera toxin, E. coli enterotoxin, Anthrax toxin

Front 14

what does Streptokinase A and B do?

Back 14

activate a host-blood factor plasminogen by cleavage. This dissolves blood clots.

Front 15

What does hyaluronidase do?

Back 15

breaks down hyaluronic acid located between cells allowing for penetration and spread of bacteria ( it causes disruption of connective tissues and fibrin).

Front 16

What does DNAse do?

Back 16

Reduces viscosity of abscess material and facilitates spread.

Front 17

How does S. Pyogenes prevent active recruitment of phagocytic cells to the sites of infection?

Back 17

it uses C5a peptidase

Front 18

S Pyogenes has what type of a capsule?

Back 18

hyaluronic(this helps avoid ingestion by phagocytosis)

Front 19

What does the M protein of S. Pyogenes do?

Back 19

It binds factor H which degrades C3b.

Front 20

S. Pyogenes produces what?

Back 20

Stretolysin S

Front 21

What does Staphylococci produce?

Back 21

catalase(Which removes harmful H2O2 from the lysosomes)

Front 22

Why does mycobacterium(TB) prevent?

Back 22

phagolysosome fusion

Front 23

What does Chlamydia interfere with?

Back 23

host cell vesicular traffiking to prevent lysosomal fusion

Front 24

How do Rickettsia, Shigella, and Listeria avoid being phagolysosomal destruction once in the cell?

Back 24

they escape the endocytotic vessicles and reproduce in the cytoplasm

Front 25

What type of cell wall does S. Pyogenes have?

Back 25

gram positive and gram stain purple

Front 26

What shape is S. Pyogenes?

Back 26

Cocci in chains

Front 27

What are some biochemical characteristics of S. Pyogenes?

Back 27

catalase(-), B-hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive

Front 28

Once it has be phagocytosed, S.pyogenes can avoid ingestion by…?

Back 28

stimulating the release of lysosomal contents

Front 29

A patient presents with the signs of Rheumatic fever following a GAS infection. What would confirm the past infection if the rapid strep test was negative?

Back 29

Elevated antistreptolysin O antibodies

Front 30

Describe acute pharyngitis?

Back 30

2-4d incubation, sore throat fever, malaise and headache

Front 31

Describe impetigo

Back 31

Purulent infection of the skin; vesicles progressing to pustules

Front 32

Describe Erysipelas

Back 32

Skin infection with pain, inflammation, enlarged lymph nodes; preceded by respiratory tract infection

Front 33

Describe Cellulitis

Back 33

Infection of the subcutaneous tissues

Front 34

Describe Necrotizing fasciitis

Back 34

Infection deep in subcutaneous tissue destroying muscle and fat. Toxicity /sepsis, multiorgan failure and death are hallmarks.

Front 35

Describe acute rheumatic fever

Back 35

Associated with streptococcal pharyngitis. Inflammation of heart (pancarditis), joints and blood vessels.

Front 36

Describe Acute glomerulonephritis ( caused by specific M type of GAS)

Back 36

Acute inflammation of the renal glomeruli with edema, hypertension, hematuria and proteinuria

Front 37

Describe Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Back 37

Soft tissue inflammation, intense pain, fever, chills, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Progression to shock and organ failure if left untreated.