Week 6 Neuroanatomy Plfsom

Front 1

CNS

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

PNS

Back 2

anterior(ventral) and posterior posterior (dorsal) roots, and the cranial and spinal nerves

Front 3

Where is pain and temperature for the body (soma, somatic) localized?

Back 3

lateral spinothalamic tract

Front 4

Where is pain and temperature for the face localized?

Back 4

trigemeniothalamic

Front 5

nociception

Back 5

the perception of traumatic damage (precisely localized)

Front 6

Pain

Back 6

localized sensation of discomfort due to a nociceptive stimulus (unpleasant, emotional response)

Front 7

dendrites

Back 7

receive impulses from other neurons

Front 8

cell body

Back 8

contains nucleus

Front 9

axon

Back 9

makes a synaptic contact with another neuron or with a striated muscle cell

Front 10

Schwann cells

Back 10

surround axons and form myelin

Front 11

myelin

Back 11

insulation for the axon, allows for maintenance of electrical properties

Front 12

neurons v. junctionsq

Back 12

neurons function by electrical activity, junctions function by chemical activity

Front 13

action potential in the pre-synaptic neuron causes______

Back 13

neurotransmitter release

Front 14

Binding of the neurotransmitter to a receptor causes ________

Back 14

the generation of an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron

Front 15

location of unipolar

Back 15

embryonic only

Front 16

location of pseudo-unipolar

Back 16

dorsal root ganglia

Front 17

location of bipolar

Back 17

retina

Front 18

multipolar

Back 18

most neurons throughout the CNS

Front 19

What are the primary sensory neurons for the exterior of the body?

Back 19

dorsal root ganglia

Front 20

Cranial nerves use _______ as a neurotransmitter

Back 20

substance P

Front 21

capsaicin

Back 21

blocks action of neurotransmitter

Front 22

telencephalon

Back 22

cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia

Front 23

diencephalon

Back 23

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal gland)

Front 24

brainstem

Back 24

medulla, pons, midbrain

Front 25

frontal lobe function

Back 25

planning and executing movement (including speech), and anticipating consequences of the proposed movements

Front 26

parietal lobe function

Back 26

sensation

Front 27

occipital lobe function

Back 27

vision

Front 28

temporal lobe function

Back 28

memory and hearing

Front 29

hypothalamus function

Back 29

drive for instinct rather than intellect

Front 30

mammillary bodies of hypothalamus function

Back 30

memory

Front 31

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Back 31

damage to mammillary bodies in alcoholism, can no longer form long term memories

Front 32

purpose for folding of the cerebral cortex

Back 32

increases surface area, amount of material that can fit in skull.

Front 33

human v. primate brain size and characteristics

Back 33

percentage of total cortical volume is greatest in humans, larger than other primates with a greater volume devoted to the frontal lobes

Front 34

posterior gray horns

Back 34

contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons

Front 35

anterior gray horns

Back 35

contain the cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate striated muscle

Front 36

other name for anterior white column

Back 36

funiculus

Front 37

dura matter

Back 37

continuous with the capsule of the dorsal root ganglion

Front 38

ventral root

Back 38

carries motor axons and joins with dorsal root to form the mixed spinal nerve

Front 39

dorsal root

Back 39

carries sensory neuron axons

Front 40

reflection of the pia mater forms the_______

Back 40

the denticulate ligament

Front 41

Cell bodies of motor neurons location

Back 41

anterior (ventral) gray horns

Front 42

Cell bodies of sensory neurons location

Back 42

posterior (dorsal) gray horns

Front 43

cell body location of the primary sensory neurons for pain and temperature

Back 43

dorsal root ganglion

Front 44

cell body of the secondary neurons of the pathway for pain and temp

Back 44

dorsal gray horn

Front 45

Fasciculus gracilis

Back 45

contains axons that serve fine touch, conscious proprioception, and vibratory sense for the ipsilateral (same side) lower limb

Front 46

conus medullaris

Back 46

marks the termination of the spinal cord at L2

Front 47

cauda equina (horse's tail)

Back 47

where the dorsal and ventral roots of the lower lumbar spread out

Front 48

lumbar cistern

Back 48

term for subarachnoid space around the lumbar and sacral cord

Front 49

Contents of the PNS

Back 49

anterior and posterior dorsal roots and the cranial and spinal nerves

Front 50

Cranial nerve 1

Back 50

olfactory

Front 51

Cranial nerve 2

Back 51

optic

Front 52

Cranial nerve 3

Back 52

oculomotor- eye movement

Front 53

Cranial nerve 4

Back 53

trochlear- eye movement

Front 54

Cranial nerve 5

Back 54

trigeminal- head sensation and jaw movements

Front 55

Cranial nerve 6

Back 55

abducent - eye movement

Front 56

Cranial nerve 7

Back 56

facial- facial muscles and taste

Front 57

Cranial nerve 8

Back 57

vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance

Front 58

Cranial nerve 9

Back 58

glossopharyngeal- cutaneous sensation including pain to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue taste, sensation pharynx

Front 59

Cranial nerve 10

Back 59

vagus nerve- larynx-pharyngeal musculature, autonomics of head and body

Front 60

Cranial nerve 11

Back 60

spinal accessory nerve- high cervial segments-trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Front 61

Cranial nerve 12

Back 61

Hypoglossal nerve- tongue muscles

Front 62

neural tube forms the ______ (4)

Back 62

prosencephalon(fore), mesencephalon (mid), rhombencephalon(hind), myelon (spinal cord)

Front 63

the rhomboencephalon(hindbrain) develops into the ______

Back 63

metencephalon and the myelencephalon(medulla)

Front 64

the metencephalon durther develops into the _________

Back 64

cerebullum and pons

Front 65

3 primary divisions of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve 5)

Back 65

opthalmic (V1), maxillary ( V2), Mandibular (V3)

Front 66

opthalmic nerve

Back 66

sensation to the eye, orbit, and scalp to the vertex of the head. Also serves the anterior portion of the nasal cavity, and the skin of the nose

Front 67

maxillary nerve

Back 67

sensation over the cheek, nasal cavity, and the mucose of the hard and soft palates

Front 68

mandibular nerve

Back 68

sensation over the mandibular and temporal areas, and the mucosa of the anterior two thirds of the tongue.

Front 69

origin and termination of the spinothalamic tract

Back 69

originates in the spinal cord, terminates in the thalamus

Front 70

fasciculus

Back 70

another term for tract

Front 71

lateral spinothalamic tract

Back 71

pain and temperature

Front 72

anterior spinothalamic tract

Back 72

poorly localized (crude) touch

Front 73

anterolateral system (ALS)

Back 73

lateral and anterior spinothalamic tract together

Front 74

pain and temperature neurons of the face have their cell body _____

Back 74

in the trigeminal semilunar ganglion

Front 75

What kind of neurons are the pain and temp neurons of the face?

Back 75

pseudounipolar

Front 76

ventral posteromedial nucleus

Back 76

location of second order neuron synapse from the trigeminothalamic tract in the thalamus. Synapse onto third order that continue to the primary sensory cortex

Front 77

postcentral gyrus

Back 77

location of final synapse of the trigeminal nerves

Front 78

syringomyelia

Back 78

central cavitation of the cervical spinal cord of unknown etiology

Front 79

result of syringomyelia

Back 79

destruction of the ventral white commissure and interruption of decussating spinothalamic fibers, causing bilateral loss of pain and temperature senation, sensitivity to touch is retained, because the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway is intact.

Front 80

clues to syringomyelia

Back 80

patient develops ulcers on the fingers arising from painless cuts and burns

Front 81

causalgia

Back 81

causes burning pain due to damaged peripheral nerve that contains significant innervation by the sympathetic nervous system. Median nerve is classical example

Front 82

neuropathy

Back 82

loss of nerve function due to damage to a peripheral nerve

Front 83

pain of sore throat

Back 83

visceral pain, mediated by trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve

Front 84

ganglion of the trigeminal nerve

Back 84

semilunar ganglion (of Gasser)

Front 85

glossopharyngeal serves what mucosa?

Back 85

posterior third of tongue, nasopharynx, oropharynx.

Front 86

glossopharyngeal cell body location?

Back 86

petrosal ganglion

Front 87

vagus nerve serves what mucosa?

Back 87

laryngopharynx and vestibule of the larynx

Front 88

vagus nerve cell body location

Back 88

inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion

Front 89

trigeminal nerve serves what mucosa?

Back 89

cheek, hard and soft palates (maxillary). Front 2/3 of the tongue (via lingual nerve branch of mandibular)

Front 90

Gag reflex

Back 90

NOT TRIGEMINAL. Glossopharyngeal nerve (afferent) senses touch and the vagus nerve (efferent) causes motor gag reflex