Week 5 Lymphatic Terms, Abbreviations, Etc

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MALT

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mucousal-associated lymphoid tissue

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GALT

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gut-associated lymphoid tissue

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location of Kupffer cells

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liver

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location of Peyer patches

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distal end of small intestine

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name of the storage pouch in the thoracic duct

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cisterna chyli

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milky fluid composed of fat globules and lymph that drains from the intestinal lacteals

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chyle

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filaria; filariae

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small nematode worms that invade the lymph system and cause elephantiasis (enlargement of the lower extremities or scrotum)

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Macrophages and monocytes throughout the body make up what system?

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retuculoendothelial system
(specialized endothelial cells lining the sinusoids of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow)

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Tc

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cytotoxic T cells
destroy foreign cells directly

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Treg

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regulatory T cells
suppress immune response to prevent overactivity

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TH

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helper T cells
release interleukins (that stimulate the other lymphocytes)
assist in destruction of foreign cells by stimulating other lymphocytes and macrophages

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MHC

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major histocompatibility complex (self-antigens)

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IL

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interleukin

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4 types of T cells

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cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
regulator T cells
memory T cells

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another name for "antibody"

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immunoglobulin

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Ig

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immunogobulin

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Ag

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antigen
(also symbol for silver)

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role of B cells (B lymphocytes)

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produce antibodies

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Name the 5 classes of immunoglobulins

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IgG 75%
IgA 15%
IgM 5%-10%
IgD <1%
IgE <0.1%

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Childhood immunizations:
DTaP

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a mixture of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular (aP) vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough)

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Hib

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Haemophilus influenza type b (spinal meningitis)

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PCV

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pneumococcus (pneumonia, meningitis)

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MMR

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measles, mumps, rubella

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HBV

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Hepatitis B vaccine

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IPV

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Poliomyelitis (polio vaccine)

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Varicella

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chickenpox

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Rotavirus

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rotavirus gastroenteritis

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Td

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diphtheria and tetanus toxoid

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OPV

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oral polio vaccine
made with live attenuated polio vaccine (Dr. Albert Sabin)

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IPV

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inactivated polio vaccine
made with killed poliovirus (Dr. Jonas Salk)

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scientific name for Measles

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rubeola

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scientific name for German Measles

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rubella

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HPV

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human papilloma virus

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Rho(D)

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immune globulin given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent formation of RH antibodies against positive fetus'
tradename: RhoGAM

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ana-

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excessive

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RF

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rheumatoid factor
factor associated with rheumatoid arthritis

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VDRL

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Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
test for syphilis

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CMV

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cytomegalovirus

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chyl-, chyli-, chylo-

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chyle, fat emulsion in lymph;

juice (Stedman's flashcards)

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heter-, hetero-

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other, different

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iso-

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same, like

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xeno-

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strange, foreign

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lympha

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Greek word for 'clear spring water'

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massein, masso

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massein is theGreek word meaning 'to knead';
masso- to knead
ex.: massotherapy--[Gr. massein to knead + therapy] the treatment of disease by massage.

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scintilla

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spark

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nonspecific immunity, defend the body through action of which cells?

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T cells

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specific immunity--defends the body through the action of which cells

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B cells aimed directly at particular agents

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lymphatic organ located in the anterior superior mediastinum

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thymus

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largest lymphatic organ

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spleen

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location of spleen

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on the left side, inferior to the diaphragm

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name the tonsils

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palastine tonsils (2)
lingual tonsils (2)
pharyngeal tonsils-adenoids (1)

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lymphatic in small intestine that transports chyle

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lacteal
(carries 'milky' emulsion of fat droplets--chyle
(remember 'lact/o- means milk)

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plural of lymphatic

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lymphaticus

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natural protein with antibody activity

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immunoglobulin

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cortex (of a lymph node)

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cortex of lymph node: the outer portion of the node, consisting mainly of dense lymphatic tissue and follicles; called also cortex nodi lymphatici[TA alternative].
referred to as the 'cortical portion'

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afferent

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conveying toward a center; called also centripetal;
lymph enters the node through the afferent vessel

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efferent

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conveying away from a center; called also centrifugal

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efferent vessels of lymph node

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lymphatic vessels that carry lymph away from a lymph node, emerging at the hilus.

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afferent vessels of lymph node

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lymphatic vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node, entering through the capsule

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Name areas without lymphatics

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avascular tissue
brain & spinal cord
bone marrow
teeth

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lymph clusters are found in:

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cervical
axillary
inguinal (iliac nodes,
mammary
intestinal (mesentary nodes)
tonsils

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2 large collecting ducts:

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(left) thoracic, left lymphatic duct;
right lymphatic duct (right thoracic duct)

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alternate names for the thoracic duct

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called also ductus thoracicus[TA], alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, duct of Pecquet, left lymphatic duct, and van Hoorne canal.

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the canal that ascends from the cisterna chyli to the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins;

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thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)

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the vessel that the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct drain into

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subclavian veins

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body actions that contribute to lymph circulation are known as:

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lymphokinetic factors

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site of T cell maturation

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thymus

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white pulp of the spleen

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splenic lymphoid nodules: aggregations of lymphatic tissue that ensheath the arteries in the spleen. Called also noduli lymphoidei lienales[TA alternative], folliculi lymphatici splenici, folliculi lymphatici lienales, malpighian bodies of spleen, malpighian corpuscles of spleen, and white pulp.

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red pulp of the spleen

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serves as a blood reservoir

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2 hormones that aide in the T cell maturation

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thymosin and thymopoietin

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ingestion of foreign particles

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phagocytosis

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PNI

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psychoneuroimmunology
study of the association between the psyche and the body

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RES

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reticuloendothelial system;
also called the monocyte-macrophage system

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RES is comprised of phagocytic cells found where?

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liver, lungs, lymph nodes, & spleen

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set of 34 proteins in the bloodstream that destruct pathogen cell walls

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collectively called complement

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IFNs

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interferons

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Tc cells

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cytotoxic T cells
aka: natural killer (NK)

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NK cells

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natural killer cells
aka: cytotoxic T cells (TC)

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helper T cell cell-surface marker subsets (TH)


BOS

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CD1, CD3, CD4

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natural killer-suppressor T cell cell-surface marker subsets


BOS

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CD1, CD3, CD5, CD8

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Helper T cells (TH) are also known as:

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CD4+ T cells

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a generic term for nonantibody proteins released by one cell population (e.g., primed T lymphocytes) on contact with specific antigen, which act as intercellular mediators, as in the generation of an immune response

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cytokines

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helper T cells secrete?

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cytokine, interleukin 2

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TS

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suppressor T cells

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TA

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amplifier T cells

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proteins involved in destroying foreign cells

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complement

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Name the different kinds of T cells:

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cytotoxic T cells,
helper T cells,
amlifier T cells,
suppressor T cells,
memory T cells

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Name the T cell:
stimulate activation of B cells and T cells

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helper T cells

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Name the T cell:
modulate T cell and B cell activity

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suppressor T cells

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Name the T cell:
cells that attack abnormal antigen-displaying cells

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cytotoxic T cells

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Name the T cell:
cells respond to future encounters with an antigen

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memory T cells

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Name the T cell:
stimulate functions of T cells, suppressor T cells, and plasma cells

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amplifier T cells

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set of proteins that increase cellular resistence

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interferon

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Name the immunity:

immunity mediated by antibodies.

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humoral immunity;
Cf. --opposite of: cell-mediated i.

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Name the immunity:

immunity that does not involve the recognition of antigen by lymphocytes and the mounting of a specific immune response; e.g., the protection afforded by lysozyme, interferon, the cells involved in natural immunity, and anatomical barriers to infection.

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nonspecific immunity

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Name the immunity:

immunity against a particular disease, e.g., scarlet fever, or against a particular antigen.

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specific immunity

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Name the immunity:

immunity mediated by T lymphocytes either through release of lymphokines or through exertion of direct cytotoxicity, transmissible by transfer of lymphocytes but not serum; it includes type IV hypersensitivity reactions, such as contact dermatitis, granulomatous disease, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and systemic responses to viral or microbial infections or to tumor cells.

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cell-mediated immunity or cellular immunity;
Called also T cell–mediated immunity. (Cf.--opposite of: humoral iimmunity.)

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Name the immunity:

immunity involving the functioning of the immune system acquired by natural infection or vaccination (active immunity) or transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor (passive immunity).

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acquired immunity;
(Cf.--opposite of: innate immunity.)

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Name the immunity:

acquired immunity developing in response to antigenic stimulus.

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active immunity;
( Cf.--opposite of: passive immunity)

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Name the immunity:

acquired immunity produced by deliberate exposure to an antigen (active immunity), as in vaccination, or by the transfer of immunoglobulins from an immune individual to a nonimmune one (passive immunity).

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artificial immunity

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Name the immunity:

immunity based on the genetic constitution of the individual, e.g., immunity of humans to canine distemper.

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innate immunity;
Called also familial i., genetic i., inherent i., inherited i., and native i.

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Name the immunity:

immunity mediated by cells capable of immune activity without being stimulated by immunization and without antigen specificity, e.g., the activity of NK cells against virus infection and tumor cells.

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natural immunity

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Name the immunity:

immunity acquired by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor.

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passive immunity;
(Cf. --opposite of: active immunity)

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Name the immunity:

the development of resistance to reinfection even though the original infection persists, an apparent paradox.

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infection immunity;
Called also concomitant immunity

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B cell produce what 2 kinds of cells?

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plasma cells &
clones or daughter cell lymphocytes

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"Humor" is a medieval term for any of the body's what 4 main fluids?

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blood,
yellow bile,
black bile,
lymph

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family of proteins precipitated from serum or plasma

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globulin

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produced by white blood cells during an immune response; function like antibodies

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immunoglobulins (Ig)

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Which immunoglobulin promotes allergic reactions?

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IgE

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Which immunoglobulin is found on surfaces of B cells & plays a major role in the activation of B cells

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IgD

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Which immunoglobulin binds to specific antigens?

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IgA

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2 pharmaceutical agents assisting the immune response

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antibiotics,
vaccines

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Name the 4 types of asthma:

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acute asthma,
extrinsic asthma,
intrinsic asthma,
status asthmaticus

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Name the asthma:

asthma caused by environmental allergins

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extrinsic asthma

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Name the asthma:

sudden, severe asthma causing coughing and difficulty breathing

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acute asthma

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Name the asthma:

asthma of unknown cause

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intrinsic asthma

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Name the asthma:

long-lasting, persistent, & can lead to respiratory distress & failure

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status asthmaticus

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infection of humans or other animals by the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted in oocysts in the feces of cats (the definitive host), usually by contaminated soil, exposure to feces, tissue cysts in infected meat, or tachyzoites in blood.

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toxoplasmosis