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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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embryo: definition? time?
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-conception to 8 wks post
-basic body plan/organ systems develop |
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zygote: definition? time?
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-single fertilized cell
-0-4 days |
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morula: definition? time?
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-solid ball up to 16 cells
-3-4 days to 4-5 days |
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blastula (blastocyst): definition?
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empty sphere up to 128 cells
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gastrulation
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-blastula invaginates
-for tube w/in tube |
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endoderm
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-rise to epithelia
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mesoderm
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-rise to epithelia, muscle, connective tissue, all organs but brain
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ectoderm
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-rise to epithelia, nervous system
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neurulation
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-notochord signals cells above to form CNS
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embryonic folding
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-twisting and folding of simple structures to make complex
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organogenesis
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-ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm develop into internal organs
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carnegie staging
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-describe first 9 wks pregnancy
-based on internal and external physical charact. |
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fetal period: time? growth?
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-9wks post conception to birth
-organs develop and attain function |
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parturition
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-childbirth
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differentiation
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-1 fertilized egg to all diff cells in body
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stem cell
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-self renewing progenitor
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embryonic stem cell
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-from blastocyst; bleuripotent
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totipotent stem cell
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-can generate enteire conceptus (body/placenta/extraembryonic membranes)
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pleuripotent stem cell
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-generate all cell types of body
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clinical timing
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-gestational age = time since last period began
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embryology timing (expmtal)
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-gestational age = time since conception
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juxtacrine
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-act on cells touching signaling cell
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class I drugs
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-dose less than bind capacity of albumin
-binding sites more than available drug -high bound drug fraction |
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class II drugs
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-dose exceed # albumin bind sites
-high amt drugs in unbound state |
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1st order kinetics
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-constant fraction drug metabolized per unit time
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zero order kinetics: drugs?
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-aspirin, ehtanol, phenytoin
-high free drug conc. and rate = constant |
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phase I: what? how?
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-convert lipophilic mol. to polar mol
-add/reveal polar group |
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phase II
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-drug is polar, kidney can excrete
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most important route drug elimination?
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-kidney/urine
-renal filtration/elimination |
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what kind of urine clears wk acid?
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-alkaline urine and vice versa
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increase half life of drug how?
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-dec. renal plasma flow/hepatic blood flow
-dec. extraction ratio -dec. metabolism |
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decrease half life of drug how?
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-inc. hepatic blood flow
-dec. pro. binding -inc. metabolism |
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extraction ratio
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-drugs enter kidney C1 and leave as C2
-ex. ration = C2/C1 |
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excretion rate
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clearance x plasma concentration
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IV infusion: rate? elimination?
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-rate of entry constant
-1st order elimination |
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steady state
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-drug elimination = rate administration
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how long till drug reaches steady state?
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-4 half lives
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determinant of rate drug approaches steady state?
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-half life or Ke
-not affectd by drug infusion |
