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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the 3 divisions of the Sternum.
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Manubrium, Body/Shaft, and Xiphiod Process
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What are the palpable landmarks and their level?
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Jugular Notch
T2-T3 Sternal Angle T4-T5 Xiphiod Process T9-T10 Inferior Rib Angle L2-L3 |
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What is the joint that joins the manubrium to the jugular notch?
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Sternoclavicular Joint
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What are the short pieces of cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum refered to as?
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Costocartilage
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List all the common parts of the ribs.
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Vertebral End
Head Neck Tubercles Angle Shaft Coastal Groove Sternal End |
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What are the first 7 ribs referred to as?
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True
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What are the last 5 ribs referred to as?
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False
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Ribs 11 and 12 are also called ______ ?
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Floating Ribs
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How much higher is the vetebral end than the sternal end?
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3-5 inches
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What is the joint that is b/w the costocartilage(rib to sternum)and the sternal end of the 4th rib?
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Costochondral Union
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What is the anterior articulation for ribs 1-10?
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Costochondral Unions
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What is the first ribs anterior articulation to the sternum?
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Sternocostal Joint
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What is the anterior articulation for ribs 2-7 to the sternum?
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Sternocostal joints
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What is the anterior articulation for the ribs 6-10 costocartilage?
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Costotransverse Joints
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What is the posterior articulation for the ribs 1-10 to the transverse process of the T vertebra?
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Costotransverse Joints
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What is the posterior articulation of the ribs 1-12 b/w the heads of the ribs and the T vertebra?
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Costovertebral Joints
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Why do we not do bony thorax in true PA's and AP's?
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B/c the thoracic spine is much more dense
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Why are the patients rotated 15-20 degrees RAO position?
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To shift the sternum to the left of the thoracic vertebrae and into the homogenous heart shadow.
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If the patients chest is shallow or thin, does it more or less rotation?
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More-20 degrees
(less-15degrees-for patient w/ deep chest) |
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Why is it difficult to obtain an optimal radiation density and contrast on sternum region?
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The sternum is primarly made up of spongy bone w/ a thin layer of hard compact bone surrounding it, combined w/ the easy to penetrate lungs and harder to penetrate heart.
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What is the breathing technique for the 3-4 second time exposure?
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shallow breathing during the exposure.
*If that time cannot be obatained have pt. let out expiration slowly and take exposure near end. |
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What is the minimum SID?
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40"
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How many ribs are seen for radiograohic study of above the diaphram?
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Upper 10 posterior ribs
*You will only see 8-9 if pt. is unable to breathe a full inspiration |
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Why is it perferred that the pt. be erect or sitting for a radiographic image for above the diaphram?
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Gravity assists w/ lowering the diaphram and also allows deeper inspiration to supress the diaphram. Also movement on the table can cause pain and discomfort to the pt.
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Why do we suspend on inspiration?
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To project the diaphram below the 9th and 10th ribs.
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Why is a low kVp required for upper ribs?
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It will perserve radiation contrast and allow visualization of the ribs through air filled lungs.
*If injury is over the heart area, it may require more kVp. |
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Why is it perferred that the pt. be recumbent for below the diaphram?
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It allows the diaphram to rise to the highest position possible and results in less thick abd. esp. for hyposthenic pts.
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Why do we suspend and expose respiration on expiration?
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It allows the diaphram to rise to the level of the 7th and 8th posterior ribs.
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Why do we select a medium kVp?
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it will ensure proper penetration of the diaphram and dense abd.
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Why do we tend to place the area of interest against the IR and rotate spine away from the area of interest?
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It prevents the spine from superimposing the region of interest.
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Linear lucency through the rib segments?
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Flail Chest
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Linear lucency or a displaced sternal segment?
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Sternum Fracture
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Pigeon Chest?
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Pectus carinatum
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Funnel Chest?
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Pectus excavatum
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List the types of lesions
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Osteolytic, Osteoblastic, and Combination
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Erosion of bony margins?
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Osteomyelitis
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