Week 5

Front 1

tests that determine the amount present compared to a normal value range are called ______

Back 1

Quantitative

Front 2

determining potassium levels is an example of a ______ test

Back 2

Quantitative

Front 3

tests that report presence or absence of a sample are called ______

Back 3

Qualitative

Front 4

2 examples of qualitative tests are:

Back 4

1. pregnancy tests

2. urine drug tests

Front 5

tests that report values with varying degrees of positivity, without exact measurement, are called ______

Back 5

Semi-Qualitative

Front 6

an example of a semi-qualitative test is a ______ test

Back 6

Urine glucose: +1, +2, +3

Front 7

the extent to which the mean measurement is close to the true value is called ______

Back 7

accuracy

Front 8

the reproducibility of an assay or the agreement of results with a specimen that is assayed many times

Back 8

precision

Front 9

the percentage of positive results in patients with the disease is called ______

Back 9

sensitivity

Front 10

high sensitivity means lower chance of a false ______

Back 10

negative

Front 11

the percentage of negative results among people who do not have the disease is called ______

Back 11

specificity

Front 12

high specificity means lower chance of a false ______

Back 12

positive

Front 13

a reference rage is the range of values where ___% of healthy patients fall within ___ standard deviations

Back 13

95%, 2

Front 14

3 causes of abnormal lab values are:

Back 14

1. Excessive or insufficient intake, production, release or secretion of substance
2. Excessive or insufficient outflow from body or metabolism
3. Dilution or concentration of the substance being measured

Front 15

4 indicators that lab values are abnormal are:

Back 15

1. Levels do not correlate with the signs and symptoms
2. Results of different tests are conflicting
3. Results vary greatly over a short period of time
4. Single result is extremely higher or lower than normal or expected

Front 16

the test that has results provided in a fish skeleton is the ______ test

Back 16

CHEM-7 or BMP

Front 17

the CHEM-7 evaluates ______, ______, and ______

Back 17

kidney function, blood acid/base balance, and levels of electrolytes and glucose in blood

Front 18

the 7 results displayed in a BMP are:

Back 18

1.Na+

2. K+

3. Cl-

4. HCO3-

5. BUN

6. SCr

7. Glucose

Front 19

the normal range for Na+ is ______ mEq/L

Back 19

135 - 145 mEq/L

Front 20

the normal range for K+ is ______ mEq/L

Back 20

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Front 21

the normal range for Cl- is ______ mEq/L

Back 21

95 - 105 mEq/L

Front 22

the normal range for HCO3- is ______ mEq/L

Back 22

22 - 26 mEq/L

Front 23

the normal range for BUN is ______ mg/dL

Back 23

8 - 20 mg/dL

Front 24

the normal range for SCr is ______ mg/dL

Back 24

0.7 - 1.5 mg/dL

Front 25

the normal range for glucose is ______ mg/dL

Back 25

80 - 110 mg/dL

Front 26

the abundant cation in extracellular fluid is ______

Back 26

sodium (Na+)

Front 27

sodium is regulated by the ______, ______, and ______ system

Back 27

kidneys, CNS, and endocrine system

Front 28

2 signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are:

Back 28

1. confusion

2. weakness

Front 29

5 causes of hyponatremia are:

Back 29

1. Decreased sodium intake
2. Diuretics
3. Chronic kidney disease
4. Diarrhea, vomiting
5. Excess water intake (dilutional hyponatremia)

Front 30

4 signs and symptoms of hypernatremia are:

Back 30

1. Dry mucous membranes
2. Thirst
3. Agitation
4. Convulsions

Front 31

5 causes of hypernatremia are:

Back 31

1. Too much sodium from diet or IV fluids
2. Diseases
3. GI loss of free water
4. Sweating
5. Severe burns

Front 32

the principle intracellular fluid cation is ______

Back 32

potassium

Front 33

___% of potassium is excreted in urine

Back 33

80-90%

Front 34

serum potassium levels correlate with ______, ______, and ______

Back 34

nerve conduction, muscle function, heart muscle contraction

Front 35

4 signs and symptoms of hypokalemia are:

Back 35

1. Arrhythmias
2. Fatigue
3. Muscle weakness/spasms
4. Tingling/numbness

Front 36

4 causes of hypokalemia are:

Back 36

1. Not enough intake from diet or IV fluids
2. Dehydration
3. Hemolysis
4. Medications

Front 37

2 signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia are:

Back 37

1. Arrhythmias
2. Muscle weakness/spasms

Front 38

3 causes of hyperkalemia are:

Back 38

1. Excess diet and IV intake
2. Renal failure
3. Crushing tissue injury

Front 39

chloride is found predominantly ______ the cell

Back 39

outside

Front 40

hypochloremia is usually caused by ______ and results in ______, ______, and ______

Back 40

vomiting, muscle twitching, shallow breathing, and hypotension

Front 41

3 causes of hyperchloremia are:

Back 41

1. dehydration

2. hyperventilation

3. kidney disorders

Front 42

hyperchloremia results in ______ and ______

Back 42

weakness and deep breathing

Front 43

T/F: creatine is renally excreted

Back 43

true

Front 44

4 causes of decreased serum creatine are:

Back 44

1. Muscular dystrophy

2. atrophy

3. malnutrition

4. aging

Front 45

the normal range for CrCl is ______ mL/min

Back 45

90 - 140 mL/min

Front 46

creatine clearance is calculated using the ______ formula

Back 46

Cockcroft-Gault [(140 - age) x IBW]/SCr x 72

*multiple final number by 0.85 for females

Front 47

the formula to calculate Ideal Body Weight is:

Back 47

Males = 50 kg + (2.3 x # inches over 5 ft)

Females = 45.5 kg + (2.3 x # inches over 5 ft)

Front 48

the nonprotein, nitrogenous end-product of protein catabolism is ______

Back 48

blood urea nitrogen

Front 49

BUN is a measure of of ______ and ______

Back 49

glomerular filtration and hydration

Front 50

T/F: BUN is less sensitive than creatine

Back 50

true

Front 51

BUN is ______ in end-stage liver failure

Back 51

decreased

Front 52

2 causes for increased BUN are:

Back 52

1. Secondary to kidney disease or urinary obstruction

2. low urine production

Front 53

2 causes for hypoglycemia are:

Back 53

1. Insulin overdose,

2. malnutrition

Front 54

4 symptoms of hypoglycemia are:

Back 54

1. Sweating (diaphoresis)
2. Tremors
3. Dizziness
4. Coma

Front 55

3 symptoms of hyperglycemia are:

Back 55

1. Increased hunger (polyphagia)
2. Increased thirst (polydipsia)
3. Increased urination (polyuria)

Front 56

the normal range for Ca++ is ______ mg/dL

Back 56

8.4 - 10.2 mg/dL

Front 57

the normal range for Mg++ is ______ mg/dL

Back 57

1.5 - 2.2 mg/dL

Front 58

the normal range for P is ______ mg/dL

Back 58

2.6 - 4.5 mg/dL

Front 59

The 4 liver function tests are:

Back 59

1. ALT

2. AST

3. Bilirubin

4. ALP

Front 60

The normal range for ALT is ______ IU/L

Back 60

3 - 30 IU/L

Front 61

The normal range for AST is ______ IU/L

Back 61

8 - 42 IU/L

Front 62

The normal range for ALP is ______ units/L

Back 62

30 - 120 units/L

Front 63

CBC results show the following 4 test results:

Back 63

1. WBC

2. Hgb

3. Hct

4. PLT

Front 64

RBC indices include:

Back 64

1. MCV (mean corpuscular volume)

2. MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)

3. MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)

Front 65

the life span of a RBC is ___ days

Back 65

120

Front 66

the normal range for RBC count is ______ cells/uL

Back 66

male: 4.5 - 5.9 x 10^6 cells/uL

female: 4.1 - 5.5 x 10^6 cells/uL

Front 67

MCV is an index to classify ______ based on size of erythrocyte

Back 67

anemia

Front 68

the normal range for MCV is ______ fl/cell

Back 68

80 - 96 fl/cell

Front 69

increased MCV values can indicate ______, ______, or ______

Back 69

macrocytic anemia, Vitamin B deficiency, or Folic acid deficiency

Front 70

the three types of anemia that can be indicated by decreased MCV are ______, ______, and ______

Back 70

microcytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia

Front 71

the normal range for MCH is ______ pg/cell

Back 71

27 - 33 pg/cell

Front 72

MCH indicates the ______ of hemoglobin in RBCs and is determined by the amount of ______

Back 72

average weight, color (normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic)

Front 73

the normal range for MCHC is ______ g/dL

Back 73

33.4 - 35.5 g/dL

Front 74

MCHC determines the average ______ of ______ in RBCs

Back 74

concentration of hemoglobin

Front 75

the most valuable test for evaluating therapy for anemia is ______

Back 75

MCHC

Front 76

the normal range for hemoglobin is ______ g/dL

Back 76

males: 14 - 17.5 g/dL

females: 12.3 - 15.3 g/dL