Week 4.3 Oncology Terms From Mtec Notes

Front 1

removal of organs (organs);
also called eventration

Back 1

evisceration

Front 2

radical removal of organs, generally the entire contents of a body cavity,

Back 2

exenteration;
ie. pelvic exenteration-excision en masse of the bladder, lower ureters, vagina, uterus, adnexa, and the pelvic and lower sigmoid colon, with excision of the pelvic lymph nodes, removal of all the pelvic peritoneum, and replantation of the ureters into an isolated ileal segment.

Front 3

There are 4 characteristics that differ between benign and malignant tumors. Give these in reference to BENIGN tumors:

Back 3

1. benign tumors grow slowly;
2. benign tumors are encapsulated and do not invade surrounding tissue;
3. benign tumor cells are organized cells that closely resemble normal tissue.
4. benign tumors do not metastasize.

Front 4

There are 4 characteristics that differ between benign and malignant tumors. Give these in reference to MALIGNANT tumors:

Back 4

1. Malignant tumors grow rapidly;
2. Malignant tumors are not encapsulated & can invade & infiltrate beyond the tissue of origin;
3. malignant tumors are made up of unorganized or undifferentiated cells;
4. malignant tumors can metastasize.

Front 5

a loss of differentiation of cells and of their orientation to one another and to their axial framework and blood vessels, a characteristic of tumor tissue

Back 5

anaplasia;
called also dedifferentiation and undifferentiation.

Front 6

programmed cell death:

Back 6

apoptosis

Front 7

a gene capable under certain conditions of causing the initial and continuing conversion of normal cells into cancer cells.

Back 7

oncogene

(Dorland's)

Front 8

pieces of DNA that have become broken or dislocated causing a normal cell to become malignant:

Back 8

cellular oncogenes

(MTEC notes)

Front 9

cells that become specialized:

Back 9

differentiation

Front 10

a physiologic process of enclosure in a sheath made up of a substance not normal to the part (as in a benign tumor)

Back 10

encapsulation

Front 11

application of radiation in small, repeated doses:

Back 11

fractionation

Front 12

the meshwork of loosely organized embryonic connective tissue in the mesoderm from which are formed the connective tissues of the body, and also the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

Back 12

mesenchyme

(Dorland's)

Front 13

embryonic connective tissue:

Back 13

mesenchymal tissue

(MTEC notes)

Front 14

"a diseased condition":

Back 14

morbidity

Front 15

relieving but not curing of symptoms:

Back 15

palliative

Front 16

an explicit, specialized, detailed treatment plan:

Back 16

protocol

Front 17

return of disease that was in remission

Back 17

relapse

Front 18

pertaining to thick, watery fluid

Back 18

serous

Front 19

a system used to evaluate the extent of tumor spread;
the classification of neoplasms according to the extent of the tumor:

Back 19

staging of tumors

Front 20

TNM
What is it?

Back 20

staging of tumors according to three basic components: primary tumor (T), regional nodes (N), and metastasis (M). Adscripts are used to denote size and degree of involvement; for example, 0 indicates undetectable, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 a progressive increase in size or involvement. Thus a tumor may be described as T1N2M0.

Front 21

a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases:

Back 21

carcinoma

Front 22

a malignant tumor arising from a transitional type of stratified epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder.

Back 22

transitional cell carcinoma

Front 23

a tumor composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue

Back 23

mixed-tissue tumors;
such as a mixed-cell adenoma, pleomorphic adenoma, or chondroid syringoma.

Front 24

uncommon tumors found in the kidney, ovary, and testes, made up of tissue that is capable of differentiating into both epithelial and connective tissue:

Back 24

mixed-tissue tumors

Front 25

classification of cancer by how well-differentiated the cells appear under the microscope:

Back 25

grade

Front 26

degree of maturity:

Back 26

grade (score)

Front 27

classification of cancer by how far it has spread in the body:

Back 27

stage

Front 28

according to grade, a tumor that is well differentiated, resembling the normal tissue of origin:

Back 28

grade 1

Front 29

according to grade, a tumor that is intermediate, moderately, or poorly differentiated:

Back 29

grade 2

Front 30

according to grade, a tumor that is undifferentiated or without form or structure:

Back 30

grade 3

Front 31

any environmental cancer-causing substance:

Back 31

carcinogens

Front 32

a mushroom pattern of growth with tumor cells piling on top of one another:

Back 32

fungating

Front 33

a growth that resembles a wart:

Back 33

verrucous

Front 34

a growth that is like a projection extending outward from a base:
one whose tumor elements are arranged as fingerlike processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.

Back 34

polypoid adenocarcinoma, (papillary adenocarcinoma)
(See also papillary carcinoma)

polypoid (MTEC notes-incomplete answer)

Front 35

polypoid tumors extending from a broad base:

Back 35

sessile

Front 36

polypoid tumors extending from a stalk:

Back 36

pedunculated

Front 37

death of tissue causing an open exposed surface:

Back 37

ulcerating

Front 38

cells that have an abnormal appearance but are not clearly identified as cancerous:

Back 38

dysplastic

Front 39

thin, platelike cells that are often found in the respiratory tract:

(Have not been able to verify this--from MTec notes)

Back 39

epidermoid
(Is lung tissue squamous, cuboid??)
Dorland's-epidermoid means "resembling epidermis";
epidermoid carcinoma=squamous cell c. (def. 2).
also known as squamous cell carcinoma--carcinoma developed from squamous epithelium, having cuboid cells and characterized by keratinization and often by preservation of intercellular bridges. In the skin, it may originate in sun-damaged areas or other pre-existing lesions. Initially local and superficial, the lesion may later invade and metastasize. Called also prickle cell or spinocellular c.

Front 40

tumors composed of a variety of cell types:

Back 40

pleomorphic

Front 41

hard tumors containing dense bands of fibrous tissue:

Back 41

scirrhous

Front 42

cells lacking microscopic structures one would see in a normal cell:

Back 42

undifferentiated

Front 43

NAME THE TEST OR PROCEDURE:
measures the level of proteins found in the blood or on the surface of a tumor

Back 43

protein marker tests

Front 44

NAME THE TEST OR PROCEDURE:
removal of bone marrow by aspiration for viewing under a microscope:

Back 44

bone marrow biopsy

Front 45

NAME THE TEST OR PROCEDURE:
examination of the colon for polyps using a fiberoptic scope

Back 45

fiberoptic colonoscopy

Front 46

NAME THE TEST OR PROCEDURE:
suspected region of disease is scraped to remove cells for viewing under a microscope:

Back 46

exfoliative cytology

Front 47

NAME THE TEST OR PROCEDURE:
removal of a core tissue using a needle:

Back 47

needle biopsy

Front 48

NAME THE TEST OR PROCEDURE:
injection of radioactive substances intravenously to take images of the organs:

Back 48

radionuclide scans

Front 49

The scale used to record functional capacity (ability to
perform activities of daily living) for cancer patients is called:

Back 49

Karnofsky performance scale;

a widely used performance scale, assigning scores ranging from 0 for a nonfunctional or dead patient to 100 for one with completely normal functioning.

Front 50

Cancers which develop from plasma cells are called:

Back 50

myelomas

Front 51

When is neoadjuvant chemotherapy given--before or after surgery?

Back 51

It is given before surgery to
reduce the size of a tumor.

Front 52

What is the term used for reducing the size of a
tumor by surgery before starting chemotherapy?

Back 52

debulking

Front 53

What system of classification is used for reporting cervical cytology and
Pap results?

Back 53

Bethesda System

Front 54

What classification is used for reporting acute nonlymphoid leukemia?

Back 54

FAB

Front 55

This scan reveals the cellular level of metabolic changes
occurring in a tissue or organ.

Back 55

PET scan

positron emission tomography