Week 4.1 Emergency Medicine

Front 1

ERCP

Back 1

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

**remember-this is not a 1ST line diagnostic study** (powerpoint)

Front 2

IVP

Back 2

intravenous pyelogram

**diagnostic study indicated when urologic symptoms are involved** (powerpoint)

Front 3

NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC STUDY:

done to demonstrate all portions of the biliary tree; it is performed by cannulation of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct through the papilla of Vater using a flexible fiberoptic endoscope with retrograde injection of a radiopaque medium.

Back 3

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERCP

Front 4

radiographic examination of
NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC STUDY:

the bile ducts and pancreas after administration of contrast medium.

Back 4

cholangiopancreatography

Front 5

NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC STUDY:

a radiograph of the kidney and ureter, especially one showing the renal pelvis.

Back 5

pyelogram

Front 6

NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC STUDY:

a radiograph of the kidney and ureter, especially one showing the renal pelvis BUT with intravenous injection of a contrast medium that passes quickly into the urine.

Back 6

intravenous pyelogram

Front 7

drug sometimes given to patients in anaphylactic shock:

Back 7

epinephrine

Front 8

Doctor dictates "epi." What is he referring to?

Back 8

the drug epinephrine

Front 9

What is the drug epinastine?

Back 9

ophthalmic antihistamine

Front 10

Drug given in narcotic overdoses that reverses the respiratory depression:

Back 10

Narcan

Front 11

For what is the drug Nardil indicated for?

Back 11

depression, anxiety, migraines

Front 12

What type of drug is Naprelan?

Back 12

NSAID
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

Front 13

Drugs used to increase blood pressure and heart rates:

Back 13

vasopressors

Front 14

Emergency personel are trained to access the 4 T's. What are the 4 T's?

Back 14

tension pneumothorax;
tamponade;
toxic conditions (chemical, medication, or poisoning);
thromboembolism

Front 15

Emergency personel are trained to access the 4 H's. What are the 4 H's?

Back 15

hypoxia (not enough oxygen);
hypovolemia (not enough blood in circulation);
hypercalemia or hypocalemia (not enough or too much calcium in the blood (needed for heart to beat);
hyperthermia (body temperature too low)

Front 16

Name & describe TRIAGE according to MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING GUIDE:

Back 16

EMERGENT--those requiring immediate care & intervention because of increased risk of mortality (death) or threat to life, limb, or vision;

URGENT--those requiring care usually within 1 hour b/c the condition has potential of getting worse if not treated soon, with stable vital signs

NONURGENT: those that require routine care that can be delayed greater than 2 hours without possibility of deterioration

Front 17

the acronym ABC stands for:

Back 17

airway,
breathing,
circulation

Front 18

an injury of a part without a break in the skin and with a subcutaneous hemorrhage:

Back 18

contusion
(also called a bruise)

Front 19

4 types of head injuries:

Back 19

cerebral concussion;
cerebral contusion;
cerebral laceration;
intracranial hemorrhage

Front 20

Name the 3 kinds of intracranial hemorrhages:

Back 20

extradural;
subdural;
subarachnoid

Front 21

Kind of intracranial hemorrhage:
chronic condition with gradual worsening of symptoms often caused by venous bleeding

Back 21

subdural hemorrhage

Front 22

Kind of intracranial hemorrhage:
results from arterial bleeding and causes rapid death

Back 22

extradural hemorrhage

Front 23

Kind of intracranial hemorrhage:
not often associated with trauma, it is the result of a congenital aneurysm

Back 23

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 24

In emergency situations, the abbreviation:
IVP

Back 24

IV push;
intravenous push

Front 25

In emergency situations, the abbreviation:
LOC

Back 25

level of consciousness

Front 26

In emergency situations, the abbreviation:
PEEP

Back 26

positive end-expiratory pressure

Front 27

a method of positive pressure ventilation used with patients who are breathing spontaneously, in which pressure in the airway is maintained above the level of atmospheric pressure throughout the respiratory cycle. The purpose is to keep the alveoli open at the end of exhalation and thus increase oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing:

Back 27

continuous positive airway pressure

Front 28

a method of positive pressure ventilation used in conjunction with mechanical ventilation; pressure is maintained above the level of atmospheric pressure at the end of exhalation. This is achieved by preventing the complete release of gas during exhalation, usually by means of a valve within the circuit.

Back 28

positive end-expiratory pressure

Front 29

any of numerous types of mechanical ventilation in which gas is delivered into the airways and lungs under positive pressure, producing positive airway pressure during inhalation; it may be done via either an endotracheal tube or a nasal mask.

Back 29

positive pressure ventilation

Front 30

4 important concepts concerning hemodynamic monitoring (cardiac):

Back 30

cardiac output,
preload,
afterload, &
cardiac index

Front 31

the volume of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute:

Back 31

cardiac output

Front 32

Normal cardiac output:

Back 32

4 to 8 liters/minute

Front 33

the amount of stretch in the left ventricle just before ventricular contraction at the end of dyastole; it is affected by the volume of blood in the left ventricle which is influenced by the venous return or amount of blood returned to the ventricles from the body

Back 33

preload

Front 34

How is cardiac output (CO) determined?

Back 34

determined by the heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume (milliliters of blood expelled per heartbeat)

Front 35

How is preload determined?

Back 35

it is measured by CVP on the right side of the heart and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) on the left side of the heart

Front 36

pertaining to hemodynamic monitoring in emergency medicine, the meaning of the abbreviation:
CVP

Back 36

central venous pressure, the venous pressure as measured at the right atrium, obtained by means of a central venous catheter whose distal end is attached to a manometer.

Front 37

pertaining to hemodynamic monitoring in emergency medicine, the abbreviation:
PAWP

Back 37

pulmonary artery wedge pressure

Front 38

the tension the ventricles must overcome to eject the blood into the arterial systems (pulmonary & aortic)

Back 38

afterload

Front 39

How is afterload measured?

Back 39

it is measured by the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) on the left side of the heart and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) on the right side of the heart

Front 40

pertaining to hemodynamic monitoring in emergency medicine, the abbreviation:
SVR

Back 40

systemic vascular resistance

Front 41

pertaining to hemodynamic monitoring in emergency medicine, the abbreviation:
PVR

Back 41

pulmonary vascular resistance

Front 42

this index is a best indicator of the body's ability to perfuse the tissues effectively:

Back 42

cardiac index

Front 43

cardiac index is determined by:

Back 43

cardiac output (CO) divided by the body surface area

Front 44

Normal cardiac index:

Back 44

2.5 to 4.0 liters/minute/meter2

Front 45

Emergent condition that is the result of extensive rib fractures (3 or more contiguous ribs in 2 or more places) resulting in a "floating segment" causing the chest wall to lose its normal stability & thus impair breathing:

Back 45

flail chest

Front 46

Hemorrhage into the pleural cavity:

Back 46

hemothorax

Front 47

air in the pleural cavity as a result of an open wound:

Back 47

pneumothorax

Front 48

What is the largest suture size available?

Back 48

7

Front 49

What is the smallest suture size available?

Back 49

11-0

00000000000

Front 50

Name the suture technique:

single stitches with the ends of the sutures tied together:

Back 50

interrupted

Front 51

Name the suture technique:

uninterrupted sequence of stitches using one suture:

Back 51

continuous

Front 52

Name the suture technique:

criss-cross stitches to approximate fascial edges

Back 52

figure-of-eight

Front 53

Name the suture technique:

running stitches in which the suture passes through the loop made from the previous stitch:

Back 53

locking

Front 54

examination to assess memory, concentration, and cognitive skills--widely used in diagnosing Alzheimer's:

Back 54

mini mental status exam

Front 55

What 5 mental abilities are assessed with the mini mental status exam?

Back 55

orientation,
retention,
attention (spelling or counting backwards),
recall,
language (asked to perform a series of 6 questions,

Front 56

what scale is the level of consciousness measured?

Back 56

Glasgow Coma Scale

Front 57

How is the value Glasgow coma scale figured?

Back 57

responses are scored in 3 categories and added together to give a value

Front 58

The 3 categories assessed in the Glasgow coma scale:

Back 58

eye opening (E),
motor responses (M),
verbal response (V)

Front 59

highest number obtained in Glasgow scale:

Back 59

15

Front 60

lowest number obtained in Glascow scale:

Back 60

3

Front 61

Laboratory test used in detecting poisoning by pesticides:

Back 61

RBC cholinesterase (sent out to labs)
serum cholinesterase is used as a STAT procedure for acute poisoning

Front 62

common test for metals including iron, arsenic, mercury, and lead:

Back 62

serum iron levels

Front 63

common test used to detect carbon monoxide poisoning:

Back 63

carboxyhemoglobin

Front 64

test used to test for acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol ordered when an unconscious person is found with no known cause:

Back 64

toxicology volatile assay

Front 65

abnormally decreased volume of circulating blood in the body:

Back 65

hypovolemia

the most common cause is hemorrhage.

Front 66

MVC

Back 66

motor vehicle collision

Front 67

MVA

Back 67

motor vehicle accident

Front 68

a mercury-weighted intestinal tube for decompression of the small intestine or removal of an obstruction:

Back 68

Cantor tube

Front 69

a word termination denoting relationship to a tumor or swelling:

Back 69

-cele

Front 70

a word termination denoting relationship to a cavity:

Back 70

-cele

see also words spelled -coele

Front 71

A 16-year-old alleged sexual assault victim presents to the ER. What correct steps are taken:

Back 71

police are called;
rape kit obtained;
social services called

(on CMT online test, one possible multiple choice answer listed parents called first--that is incorrect