Week 4.1 Emergency Drugs

Front 1

Drug for asystole

Back 1

epinephrine (Adrenalin)

Front 2

Drug for Metabolic Acidosis

Back 2

sodium bicarbinate
tromethamine (Tham)

Front 3

Drugs for Severe Ventricular Fibrillation

Back 3

lidocaine (Lidocaine HCl) for cardiac arrhythmias

Front 4

Drugs for Severe Bradycardia & Brady Arrhythmia

Back 4

atropine

Front 5

Describe the action of

Lidocaine HCl

Back 5

it inhibits the flow of sodium into the cell which slows the electrical impulse that causes the heart to fibrillate.

Front 6

Describe the action of

atropine

Back 6

it blocks the action of acetylcholine released from the vagus nerve (parasympathetic nervous system with branches that innervate the SA & AV nodes). Release of acetylcholine slows the heart. Atropine blocks this & increases the heart rate

Front 7

Describe the action of

epinephrine (Adrenalin)

Back 7

Used in cardiac arrest and asystole--stimulates the heart to beat, helps maintain blood pressure & perfusion to heart & brain to improve chances of successful resuscitation effort.

Front 8

Describe the action of:

Tram (tromethamine)

Back 8

In severe acidosis during cardiac & respiratory arrest, returns the blood pH to within normal range

Front 9

What is calcium chloride prescribed for?

Back 9

Calcium chloride is used to stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully & may stimulate contraction in asystole--used when epinephrine fails

Front 10

Describe the action of:

Vasopressors

Back 10

class of drugs used to increase blood pressure after patient has been resuscitated.
--stimulates beta1 receptors to increase heart rate.
--stimulate alpha receptors in blood vessels to produce vasoconstriction & raise blood pressure

Front 11

Name the drug classification:

Dobutrex
dobutamine HCl

Back 11

vasopressor for cardiac shock

IV infusion 12.5 mg/mL
(discontinued 2006)

Front 12

Name the drug classification:

Intropin
(dopamine HCl)

Back 12

vasopressor fr cardiac, pulmonary, traumatic, septic, or renal shock
IV injection 40, 80, 160 mg/mL
discontinued 2004

Front 13

Name the drug classification:

Adrenalin Chloride (epinephrine)

Back 13

vasopressor for cardiac shock.
also bronchodilator for asthma & COPD
1:1000, 1 mg/mL
intracardiac injection

Front 14

Name the drug classification:

Isuprel (isoproterenol)

Back 14

vasopressor for cardiac, hypovolemic, or septic shock.
IV, IM, or subcu injection--1:5000, 1:50000 (0.2, 0.02 mg/mL

Front 15

Name the drug classification:

Levophed
(norepinephrine bitartrate)

Back 15

vasopressor for acute hypotensive shock
IV infusion 1mg/mL

Front 16

Describe the action of:

Emetics

Back 16

induce vomiting after injestion of overdose of drugs or toxic substances
only if poison not in blood stream

Front 17

Name an emetic prescribed in the Emergency Room

Back 17

ipecac syrup

Front 18

Name the classification for:

ipecac

Back 18

emetic
for poisoning, overdose, etc

medicinal herb: birthroot, dogbane

Front 19

Describe the action of:

Absorbents

Back 19

absorb toxic substances & bind them so they cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream--useful only if toxin has already entered from stomach to bloodstream.

Front 20

Name an absorbent used in the emergency room

Back 20

activated charcoal

Front 21

Describe the action of:

Narcotic Antagonists

Back 21

compete for the same receptors as narcotic drugs by blocking the receptors and decreasing narcotic drug effects, particularly respiratory depression.

Front 22

Name the classification of:

Revex (nalmefene)

Back 22

narcotic antagonist; antidote to opioid overdose; postanesthesia "stir up".
IV, IM, or subcu 0.1, 1 mg/mL

Front 23

Name the classification of:

Narcan (naloxone)

Back 23

narcotic antagonist; antagonist for opiate dependence or overdose; hypotension treatment
IV, IM, or subcu 0.4 mg/mL

Front 24

Name the classification of:

ReVia (naltrexone)

Back 24

antagonist for opiate dependence or overdose (orphan) & alcoholism
Tablets 50 mg

Front 25

Name the classification of:

Trexan

Back 25

(name changed to ReVia in 1995)

Front 26

Describe the action of:

Tranquilizer Antagonists

Back 26

used to counteract overdose of a benzodiazepine-type antianxiety drug by competing for same receptors, blocking them, & decreasing tranquilizer's effect.

Front 27

Name the classification of:

Romazicon (flumazenil)

Back 27

tranquilizor antagonist to treat overdose or antedote to anesthesia
IV injection 0.1 mg/mL

Front 28

What class of drugs are prescribed for:

overdose of tricyclic-type antidepressant

Back 28

antidepressant antagonists

Front 29

Name a drug prescribed for tricyclic-type antidepressant overdose

Back 29

Antilirium
(physostigmine)

Front 30

Name the classification for:

Antilirium (physostigmine)

Back 30

cholinergic to reverse anticholinergic overdose
Overdose of tricyclic-type antidepressants.

Front 31

Describe the action of:

cholinergics

Back 31

a drug that liberates the release of acetylcholine at the nerve synapse when a nerve impulse passes

Front 32

Describe the action of

anticholinergics

Back 32

a drug that blocks the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves.

Front 33

What is prescribed for:

acetaminophen overdose

Back 33

Mucomyst 10
acetylcysteine
IV--investigational

Front 34

What is ethylene glycol?

Back 34

antifreeze--ingestion causes central nervous system damage, blindness, or death

Front 35

What is methanol?

Back 35

wood alcohol found in commercial solvents & paints--sometimes injested by alcoholics instead of ethanol (liquor).--turns into formaldehyde.

Front 36

What is prescribed for:

ethylene glycol and methanol overdoses?

Back 36

Antizol
(fomepizole)--alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor

Front 37

What is prescribed for:

pesticide poisoning

Back 37

Protopam
(pralidoxime)

Front 38

Name the classification for:

Antizol

Back 38

alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor for antifreeze & methanol (wood alcohol) overdoses

Front 39

What is prescribed for:

pesticide poisoning

Back 39

Protopam
(pralidoxime)
antidote for organophosphate poisoning and anticholinesterase overdose (prescribed for myasthenia gravis).

Front 40

What is Antisol prescribed for?

Back 40

methanol (wood alcohol) and ethylene glycol (antifreeze) overdoses

Front 41

What is Mucomyst prescribed for?

Back 41

acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose

Front 42

What is Antilirium prescribed for?

Back 42

overdose of tricyclic-type antidepressants

Front 43

What is Romazicon prescribed for?

Back 43

overdose of benzodiazepine-type antianxiety drugs

Front 44

Vasodilation = increase or decrease in blood pressure?

Back 44

decrease in blood pressure

Front 45

Vasopressors--increase or decrease blood pressure?

Back 45

increase blood pressure

Front 46

Histamines cause an increase or decrease in blood pressure?

Back 46

decrease--causes vasodilation

Front 47

What classification of drugs are indicated for anaphylaxic shock?

Back 47

vasopressors--to increase blood pressure brought down by histamines.

Front 48

Name the classification for:

EpiPen; EpiPen Jr.

Back 48

vasopressor for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis.

Front 49

Name 4 drugs indicated for anaphylaxis.

Back 49

EpiPen, EpiPen Jr., Ana-Guard Epinephrine, Adrenalin

Front 50

What is an Ana-Kit?

Back 50

kit containing premeasured injectable epinephrine (Adrenalin) for treating anaphylaxis in individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to bee stings or other insect bites.

Front 51

What is indicated to treat lead poisoning?

Back 51

edetate calcium disodium (calcium EDTA) or (Calcium Disodium Versenate)
IM, IV, or subcu 200 mg/mL

Front 52

What is indicated to treat arsenic, lead, and mercury poisoning?

Back 52

succimer (Chemet)
capsules 100 mg

Front 53

Name the drug of choice for resuscitating patients with ventricular arrhythmias.

Back 53

Lidocaine HCl

Front 54

List 5 emergency drugs that can be given via an endotracheal tube.

Back 54

naloxone (Narcan)
atropine
Valium (diazepam)
epinephrine (Adrenalin)
lidocaine (Xylocaine HCl for cardiac arrhythmias

Front 55

What are the potential hazards of using intracardiac injections?

Back 55

risk of pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or coronary artery laceration.

Front 56

What is the therapeudic action of activated charcoal?

Back 56

charcoal absorbs toxic substances and binds them so they cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream---but is not helpful if toxin has already gone from the stomach to the bloodstream

Front 57

What emergency drug is given to counteract bradycardia?

Back 57

atropine

Front 58

Name four categories of drugs used to treat overdose/suicide attempts.

Back 58

narcotic antagonists,
tranquilizer antagonists,
antidepressant antagonists, emetics

Front 59

Name an emergency drug that is a narcotic antagonist.

Back 59

Revex (nalmefene)
Narcan (naloxone), or
ReVia (formerly Trexan) (naltrexone)

Front 60

Name an emergency drug that is a benzodiazepine-type antianxiety drug antagonist.

Back 60

Romazicon (flumazenil)

Front 61

Name an emergency drug that is a tricyclic-type antidepressant antagonist.

Back 61

Antilirium (physostigmine)

Front 62

Name several drugs given to counteract digoxin toxicity..

Back 62

cholestyramine (LoCHOLEST, LoCHOLEST Light, Prevalite, Questran, Questran Light)
colestipol (Colestid)
digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)

Front 63

What medication would be given to a patient suffering from severe allergic reaction?

Back 63

epinephrine