Week 4 Part 7

Front 1

Haemostasis Step 1 is

Back 1

Vascular spasm

smooth muscle contracts causing vasocontriction

Front 2

Haemostatis Step 2 is

Back 2

Platelet plug formation

injury to lining of vessel exposes collagen fibres platelets adhere

platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky; platelet plug forms

Front 3

Haemostatis Step 3 is

Back 3

Coagulation

fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot.

Front 4

Therapeutic uses of anticoagulants usually __________

Back 4

prophylactic (need oral dosage forms)

Front 5

_________ is leading Therapeutic uses of anticoagulants

Back 5

Atrial Fibrillation

Front 6

_________ replacement surgery involves therapeutic use of anticoagulants

Cardiac surgery & Prostheses

Back 6

hip/knee

Front 7

________ or _________ can be used for Anticoagulant therapy in AF

Back 7

Warfarin

Aspirin

Front 8

Warfarin has ________ but also _________ when compared to Aspirin in Anticoagulant therapy for AF

Back 8

greater effect

more side effects

Front 9

Warfarin reduces stroke risk in AF patients by around __%, and is used for those __________.

Aspirin can be used for ________ if warfarin contraindicated

Back 9

70%

at high risk of embolic events

lower risk

Front 10

Risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients

High risk ____ per year

Moderate risk ___ per year

Low risk _____ per year

Back 10

>10% valve HD, TIA or stroke

5% >65 or <65 with HTN, Diabetes or VD

<1% <65, nil risk

Front 11

Warfarin also used for prevention of ______ and _________, and in patients with ____________

Back 11

DVT

arterial embolism

prosthetic heart valves

Front 12

Warfarin _____ daily oral dosing and onset ______ hours

Back 12

once

24-48

Front 13

Warfarin is highly ______ , variable _____, _______ TI and many drug ________. Mandatory laboratory monitoring of effect

Back 13

protein bound

response

narrow

drug interactions

Front 14

Warfarin side effects

Back 14

bleeding, alopecia, anorexia

Front 15

Teratogen is not used in ________

Back 15

pregnancy.

Front 16

Heparin used mainly for prevention of ________, to prevent clotting during ______,______ or ________.

Back 16

venous thrombi

surgery, transfusion or haemodialysis.

Front 17

Heparin also used for ________________, as it acts quickly.

Back 17

arterial thrombi acutely

Front 18

Heparin Large (and variable) molecular weight, so ________________

Back 18

parenteral administration only

Front 19

Heparin side effects

Back 19

excessive bleeding, local irritation

Front 20

New oral anticoagulants do not require laboratory monitoring of clotting times when used ____________.

Back 20

short term.

Front 21

Antiplatelet agents Clopidogrel

Back 21

ADP

Front 22

Antiplatelet agents Aspirin

Back 22

TXA2

Front 23

Clot-busting drugs pathway

Back 23

t-pa (alteplase) binds to fibrin in thrombus

Plasminogen conversion

Plasmin

Fibrin dissolves (local fibrinolysis)

Front 24

Plasminogen activators are used to and have a risk of

Back 24

break up thrombi in stroke and M.I.

producing a bleed.

Front 25

Plasminogen activators used to break up thrombi in stroke and M.I. include

Back 25

Streptokinase–produced by streptococcus

Urokinase–protease found in human urine originally

Recombinant human tPA(alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase)

Front 26

Streptokinase

Back 26

produced by streptococcus

Front 27

Urokinase

Back 27

protease found in human urine originally

Front 28

Recombinant human tPA

Back 28

(alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase)

Front 29

Bacteria bind, use and activate host plasminogen

Back 29

thrombus degradation

degradation of extracellular matrix

adherence to endothelial cells