Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
probiotics
|
-live microorganisms
|
|
|
prebiotics
|
-not live, selectively fermented ingredients
-stimulate specific changes in colon |
|
|
synbiotics
|
combo of pre/pro
|
|
|
bacteria
|
-prokaryotic
|
|
|
fungi
|
-eukaryotic
-cell walls made of chitin |
|
|
protozoa
|
-eukaryotic, no cell wall
-asexual reproduction |
|
|
gram pos
|
thick cell wall
-peptidoglycan -lipoteichoic acid |
|
|
gram neg
|
-LPS
-stain pink |
|
|
helminths
|
nematodes
-cestodes -trematodes |
|
|
prions
|
"slow viruses"
-proteinaceous -not cellular, no nucleic -not normal flora |
|
|
Normal flora: skin
|
Bacteria (Kingdom)
The Actinobacteria (phylum) ( Gram + rods) Corynebacteria Propionibacteria The Firmicutes (phylum) ( Gram +) Staphylococcus ( Particularly S. aureus and S. epidermidis) Streptococcus Peptostreptococcus Clostridium The Beta- Proteobacteria (sub-phylum)( Gram -) Neisseria Burkholderia (E. coli ) The Bacteroidetes (Phylum)(Gram -) Bacteroides Porphyromonas Fungi Kingdom Ascomycota (phylum) Candida albicans Saccharomyces Aspergillus Penicillium Basidiomycota (phylum) Malassezia ( formerly known as Pityrosporum and causes Dandruff) |
|
|
normal flora: nostrils/nasal cavity
|
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis Corynebacterium Propionibacterium |
|
|
normal flora: oropharynx
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus (to a lesser extent) Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
normal flora: mouth
|
Streptococcus mutants* (Viridans Streptococci) – Dental Caries
Other Viridans Streptococci ( S. bovis, S. mitis, S. salivarius, S. anginosus) Lactobacillus After teeth erupt there are also Anaerobes: Prevotella, Fusobacterium Actinomyces is a gram positive “rod” that form fungus like branched networks |
|
|
normal flora: stomach
|
Lactobacillusa Firmicutes phylum
Streptococcus a Firmicutes phylum Helicobacter pylorib Proteobacteria phylum –gram negative |
|
|
normal flora: small intestine
|
Peptostreptococcus Firmicutes
Porphyromonas Prevotella |
|
|
normal flora: large intestine
|
Bacteroides spp (B. fragilis) Bacteroidetes phylum
Clostridium spp Firmicutes –Primarily Clostridium perfringens Bifidobacterium Actinobacteria phylum Fusobacterium spp Fusobacterium Phylum - Anaerobic Gram-negative Enterococcus faecalisa Firmicutes (Formerly Group D Streptococcus) Other Enterobacteriaceaea Proteobacteria ( 1-2%)- gram negative rods (Proteus, Klebsiella |
|
|
normal flora: genitourinary tract
|
Lactobacilli*
Staphylococci spp Streptococci spp Gram-negative rods (E. coli and Bacteroides) Corynebacterium Candida albicans |
|
|
normal flora: fungal
|
Candida
Saccharomyces Aspergillus Penicillium |
|
|
normal flora: protozoa that dont cause disease
|
Entamoeba dispar*
Entamoeba coli Entamoeba hartmanni Trichomonas vaginalis |
|
|
actinobacteria phyla
|
-gram pos
-high G-C ratio -corynebacteria, propionibacteria -normal flora of skin |
|
|
firmicutes phyla
|
-normal flora of skin
-gram pos rod/cocci -low G-C ratio -staphylococcus, clostridium |
|
|
beta-proteobacteria phyla
|
-normal skin flora
-gram neg |
|
|
proteobacteria phyla
|
-normal skin flora
-gram neg -neisseriaceae, burkholderia, e coli |
|
|
bacteroidetes
|
-normal skin flora
-gram neg bacteroides (fecal), porphyromonas (oral) |
|
|
three most common flora of skin
|
-corynebacterium
-propionibacterium -staphylococcus epidermidis |
|
|
normal flora of mouth
|
-peptostreptococcus
-streptococcus mutans (viridans streptococci) -streptococcus sp -haemophilus sp -neisseria sp -oral anaerobes |
|
|
normal flora of nasal cavity
|
-staph aureus
-staph epidermidis -corynebacterium -propionibacterium |
|
|
normal flora of oropharynx
|
-strep pneumoniae
-strep pyogenes -staph aureus -neisseria meningitidis -haemophilus influenzae -moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
normal flora of stomach
|
-acid tolerant bac
-lactobacillus -streptococcus sp -h pylori |
|
|
normal flora of small intestine
|
-anaerobic sp
-peptostreptococcus sp -porphyromonas sp -prevotella sp |
|
|
normal flora of large intestine
|
-bacteroides sp
-fusobacterium (e coli) -bifidobacterium -enterococcus faecalis -clostridium |
|
|
normal flora of genitourinary tract
|
-staph epidermidis
-strep sp -gram neg rods (e. coli) -cortnebacterium lactobacilli candida albicans |
|
|
bacterial overgrowth syndrome
|
-impaired abs. syndrome
-abnormal colonization of small bowel |
