Week 4: Human Anatomy: Circulatory System

Front 1

2 functional components of circulatory system

Back 1

blood, lymph

Front 2

List the basic structures of circulatory tystem (3 parts)

Back 2

Tunica intima (inner)
Tunica media (middle)
Tunica adventitia (outer)

Front 3

2 major functions of circulatory system

Back 3

deliver blood to tissues, exchange substances between tissues and blood

Front 4

Describe lymphatic vessel

Back 4

Blind-ended collecting vessels with valves. Return tissue fluids, lymphocytes and large molecular weight substances (eg.antibodies) to the blood

Front 5

Tunica intima

Back 5

Innermost layer. "Endothelium." Specialized simple squamous epithelium. Rests on basement membrane and subendothelial (loose) connective tissue and internal elastic lamina.

Front 6

Tunica media

Back 6

middle layer. Circumferentially arranged smooth muscle and connective tissue (Usually collagen III, IV, or elastin)

Front 7

Tunica adventitia

Back 7

outer layer. Connective tissue (Collagen I and elastin), fibroblasts, adipocytes, GAGs, etc. Blends into connective tissue of tissue being supplied. In larger vessels has vasa vasorum

Front 8

vasa vasorum

Back 8

"vessels in vessels." Found in tunica adventitia

Front 9

Elastic arteries

Back 9

Large, rigid. helps pumping.
Intima - thick (b/c of subendothelial connective tissue layer).
Media - elastic lamellae.
Adventitia - connective tissue and vasa vasorum

Front 10

Muscular arteries

Back 10

"distributing arteries." Deliver blood to specific regions or organs. Allows body to control blood flow.
Intima- thin subendothelial layer, prominent internal elastic lamina.
Media-thick, smooth muscle with prominent elastic lamellae or fibers
Adventitia - unremarkable

Front 11

Arterioles

Back 11

Small diameter. responsible for 50% of flow resistance. May have pericyte.
Intima - thin subendothelium, barely discernible internal elastic lamina

Media - 5-8 cells thick
Adventitia - thin

Front 12

5 functions of endothelium

Back 12

Exchange, vasoregulation, promote clotting, inhibit platelet adhesion, stimulate angiogenesis (during wound healing)

Front 13

Functions of: 1) T. Intima, 2)T. Media, and 3) T. Adventitia

Back 13

1) Maintain smooth luminal surface and tissue seal
2) Controlling peripheral blood pressure
3) Support

Front 14

Which vessels have holes in the walls and what is that called?

Back 14

Fenestration. (EDIT) Capillaries

Front 15

Layers of the heart

Back 15

endocardium - simple squamous, thin connective tissue
myocardium - cardiac muscle, blood supply
epicardium - connective tissue w/ adipose, coronary vessels, simple squamous (mesothelium)

Front 16

List the 3 arteriole classifications

Back 16

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal (discontinuous)

Front 17

Where do lymphatic vessels drain into?

Back 17

Thoracic duct

Front 18

Veins hold ______% of systemic blood and are therefore referred to as ___________ __________

Back 18

70%; "capacitance vessels"

Front 19

Histological differences between veins and arteries

Back 19

Veins: have a larger, more irregular lumen, smaller smooth muscle cell/collagen fiber ratio, no distinct elastic laminae, thicker adventitia than media, and valves.

Front 20

Large veins

Back 20

Intima: thin
Media: thin
Adventitia: thick

Front 21

Medium/Small veins

Back 21

Similar to large, but intima may be relatively thick.

Front 22

Venules

Back 22

Intima: only endothelium and basal lamina
Media: thin (a few muscle cells)
Adventitia: thick

Front 23

SA node

Back 23

sinoatrial. beneath epicardium on medial wall of rt atrium near superior vena cave opening

Front 24

AV node

Back 24

atrioventricular. In atrioventricular septum

Front 25

Bundle of His

Back 25

pass from AV node through interventricular septum

Front 26

Purkinje fibers

Back 26

branch from bundle of His into the subendocardium. Transmits impulses to rest of myocardium

Front 27

Classification of blood vessels by function (5)

Back 27

Elastic --> conducting
muscular --> distributing
arterioles --> resistance
capillaries --> exchange
veins --> capacitance

Front 28

direct connection from one BV (?) to another

Back 28

anastomosis

Front 29

End arteries

Back 29

one arteriole, such as in the retina, which supplies blood. If damaged, blood supply is cut off

Front 30

Properties that effect the passing of substances through capillary walls

Back 30

nature of the endothelium, hydrostatic vs osmotic pressures, physiochemical properties of the substance in the blood and interstitial fluid

Front 31

continuous capillaries

Back 31

completely sealed by endothelial cells w/ junctions (tight, desmosomes). Passive diffusion through BM and cell, or pinocytosis

Front 32

fenestrated capillaries

Back 32

Junctions btw endothelial cells, but with semi-closed gaps. Continuous BM. Easy passage from lumen to EC space. eg - endocrine organs releasing hormones, small intestine (absorption), kidneys (secretion)

Front 33

Discontinuous capillaries

Back 33

"sinusoidal." Larger gaps, holes in BM. Easy diffusion. eg - liver

Front 34

AV shunts

Back 34

arteriovenous shunts. Allows blood to bypass capillary bed. eg - fingers in cold weather

Front 35

Portal system

Back 35

capillary bed to capillary bed, no intermediate pump. (uses portal veins)