Week 4 Flash Cards

Front 1

Acidosis

Back 1

Condition of excessive acidity of body fluids

Front 2

Acromegaly

Back 2

Characterized (in the adult) by marked enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw and extremities. It is caused by an over production of growth hormone and is treated by x-ray or surgery

Front 3

Addison disease

Back 3

Results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones; also called hypoadrenocorticism. The most common cause is a result of the body attacking itself (autoimmune disease).

Front 4

Adenectomy

Back 4

Surgical excision of a gland

Front 5

Adenoma

Back 5

Tumor of a gland

Front 6

Adenosis

Back 6

Any disease condition of a gland

Front 7

Adrenal

Back 7

Pertaining to the adrenal glands, triangular bodies that cover the superior surface of the kidneys; also called suprarenal glands

Front 8

Adrenalectomy

Back 8

Surgical excision of an adrenal gland

Front 9

Adrenopathy

Back 9

Any disease of an adrenal gland

Front 10

Androgen

Back 10

Hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics. The 2 major androgens are: testosterone & androsterone

Front 11

Catecholamines

Back 11

Sympathomimetic hormones, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Front 12

Cortisone

Back 12

Glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Front 13

Cretinism

Back 13

Congenital condition caused by deficiency in secretion of the thyroid hormones and characterized by arrested physical and mental development. Treatment consists of appropriate thyroid replacement therapy.

Front 14

Cushing disease

Back 14

Results from hypersecretion of cortisol; symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance. Prolonged administration of large doses of ACTH can cause this. A 'buffalo hump' and 'moon face' are characteristic signs of this condition.

Front 15

Diabetes

Back 15

General term used to describe diseases characterized by excessive discharge of urine

Front 16

Dopamine

Back 16

Intermediate substance in the synthesis of norepinephrine; used to treat shock because it acts to elevate blood pressure and increase urinary output

Front 17

Dwarfism

Back 17

Condition of being abnormally small. It is a medical condition characterized by adult height of less than 4'10, and is usually classified as to the underlying condition that is the cause for short stature. Dwarfism is not necessarily caused by any specific disease or disorder; it can simply be a naturally occurring consequence of a person's genetic makeup.

Front 18

Endocrine

Back 18

Ductless glands that produce internal secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream

Front 19

Endocrinologist

Back 19

Physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system

Front 20

Endocrinology

Back 20

Study of the endocrine system

Front 21

Epinephrine

Back 21

Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant to relax bronchospasm and relieve allergic symptoms; also called adrenaline

Front 22

Estrogen

Back 22

Hormones produced by the ovaries, estradiol, estrone, and estriol; female sex hormones important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle

Front 23

Euthyroid

Back 23

Normal activity of the thyroid gland

Front 24

Exocrine

Back 24

Pertains to a type of gland that secretes into ducts (duct glands); ex: sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver and pancreas

Front 25

Exophthalmic

Back 25

Pertaining to an abnormal condition characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeballs as often seen in exophthalmic goiter or exophthalmos seen in Graves disease. People with Graves ophthalmopathy develop eye problems, including bulging, red, or swollen eyes, sensitivity to light and blurring or double vision.

Front 26

Galactorrhea

Back 26

Excessive secretion of milk after cessation of nursing

Front 27

Gigantism

Back 27

Pathological condition of being abnormally large

Front 28

Glandular

Back 28

Pertaining to the gland

Front 29

Glucocorticoid

Back 29

General classification of the adrenal cortical hormones, cortisol (hydrocortisone), and corticosterone

Front 30

Hirsutism

Back 30

Abnormal condition characterized by excessive hair growth, especially as occurring in women

Front 31

Hormone

Back 31

Class of chemical substance produced by the endocrine glands

Front 32

Hydrocortisone

Back 32

Glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Front 33

Hypergonadism

Back 33

Condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands

Front 34

Hyperinsulinism

Back 34

Condition of excessive amounts of insulin in the blood, causing low blood sugar

Front 35

Hyperkalemia

Back 35

Condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

Front 36

Hyperthyroidism

Back 36

Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone(TH), a condition that can affect many body systems. Most common etiologies of hyperthyroidism are Graves disease and toxic multinodular goiter. Other forms can be caused by thyroiditis. Certain benign or malignant tumors can also produce too much thyroid hormone.

Front 37

Hypogonadism

Back 37

Condition caused by deficient internal secretion of the gonads

Front 38

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 38

Deficient internal secretion of the parathyroid glands

Front 39

Hypophysis

Back 39

Literally means any undergrowth; also called the pituitary gland

Front 40

Hypothyroidism

Back 40

Pathological condition in which the thyroid gland produces inadequate amounts of thyroid hormone; it can affect many body systems.

Front 41

Insulin

Back 41

Hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose, and the process necessary for the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; used to manage diabetes mellitus.

Front 42

Insulinogenic

Back 42

Formation or production of insulin

Front 43

Iodine

Back 43

Trace mineral that aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland

Front 44

Lethargic

Back 44

Pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish

Front 45

Myxedema

Back 45

Condition of mucus swelling; the most severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by marked edema of the face, a somnolent look, and stiff and lusterless hair.

Front 46

Norepinephrine

Back 46

Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in acute hypotensive states

Front 47

Oxytocin

Back 47

Hormone that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk during suckling

Front 48

Pancreatic

Back 48

Pertaining to the pancreas

Front 49

Parathyroid glands

Back 49

Endocrine glands located beside the thyroid gland

Front 50

Pineal

Back 50

Endocrine gland shaped like a small pine cone

Front 51

Pituitarism

Back 51

Any condition of the pituitary gland

Front 52

Pituitary

Back 52

Pertaining to the pituitary gland; the hypophysis

Front 53

Progeria

Back 53

Pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood

Front 54

Progesterone

Back 54

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, adrenal cortex, or the placenta; released during the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle

Front 55

Simmonds disease

Back 55

Pathological condition in which complete atrophy of the pituitary gland causes loss of function of the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads; symptoms include premature senility, psychic symptoms and cachexia; also called panhypopituitarism

Front 56

Somatotropin

Back 56

Growth stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Front 57

Steroids

Back 57

Group of chemical substances that includes hormones, vitamins, sterols, cardiac glycosides and certain drugs

Front 58

Testosterone

Back 58

Hormones produced by the testes; male sex hormone important in development of secondary sex characteristics and musculinization

Front 59

Thymectomy

Back 59

Surgical excision of the thymus gland

Front 60

Thymitis

Back 60

Inflammation of the thymus gland

Front 61

Thyroid

Back 61

Endocrine gland located in the neck; its shape resembles a shield

Front 62

Thyroidectomy

Back 62

Surgical excision of the thyroid gland

Front 63

Thyroiditis

Back 63

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

Front 64

Thyrotoxicosis

Back 64

A poisonous condition of the thyroid gland; pathological condition caused by acute oversecretion of thyroid hormones

Front 65

Thyroxine (T4)

Back 65

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; important in growth, development, and regulation of the body's metabolic rate and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Front 66

Vasopressin (VP)

Back 66

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Hyposecretion can result in diabetes insipidus (DI), a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of diluted urine.

Front 67

Virilism

Back 67

Pathological condition in which secondary male characteristics such as growth of hair on face and/or body and deepening of the voice, are produced in a female, usually as a result of adrenal dysfunction or hormonal imbalance or taking medications (androgens)