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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embryonic ectoderm gives rise to:
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NIECE:
N- neural crest cells I - inner ear E- eye C- CNS/PNS E- epidermis |
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embryonic endoderm gives rise to:
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Gas- E- RAT
Gastrointestinal traact/glandular cells Epithelial linings of Respiratory and Alimentary (digestive) Tracts |
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Embryonic mesoderm gives rise to:
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3 muscles do bleed in the trunk of conn
- skeletal muscles - smooth muscles - cardio system -blood cells & lining of blood vessels - in the trunk ---all connective tissues |
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Gastrulation is...
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the development of the 3 germ layers
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The three germ layers are
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Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
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During gastrulation the embryo is referred to as...
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gastrula
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primitive node is also known as...
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the organizer, b/c it regulates important processes...
it is an elevated region |
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primitive pit is...
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depression in primitive node that connects nodochordal canal w/ surface ectoderm
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primitive groove is...
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median depression flanked by primitive ridges
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Paraxial mesoderm differentiates into...
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Somitomeres
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Somitiomeres first appear... and continue to form in a ... sequence
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Somitomeres first appear in a cephalic region and continue to form in a craniocaudal sequence
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Somitomeres in cranial region form...
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muscles and bones of face and skull
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Caudally, somitmeres organize into ----
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somites
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Somites differentiate into (3)
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Vladamir- MD
Vertebrae, muscles of back and body wall, dermis of skin |
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The three components of the somites are:
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- Sclerotome
- Dermatome - Myotome |
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Sclerotome forms...
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cartilage & bone of vetebral column
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Dermatome forms...
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dermis and subcutaneous area of skin
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Myotome forms...
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Epimeric (epaxial) & hypomeric muscles
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Epaxial (epimeric) muscles are...
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innervated by dorsal primary rami (intrinsic muscles of back)
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Hypaxial (hypomeric) muscles are...
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innervated by ventral primary rami (superficial and intermediate back muscles, trunk muscles, and upper and lower extremity muscles)
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intermediate mesoderm gives rise to...
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urogenital system
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urogenital ridge is involved in...
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formation of kidneys and gonads
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Lateral mesoderm develops large spaces that form horseshoe cavity called...
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intraembryonic coelom
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Intraembryonic coelom divides the lateral plate mesoderm into 2 layers:
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1. Intraembryonic somatic or parietal mesoderm
2. intraembryonic splanchnic or visceral mesoderm |
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the I.E.C. parietal layer mesoderm forms...
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the embryonic body wall or somatopleure (dermis of the skin in the body wall and limb buds; including bones & connective tissue and the sternum)
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the I.E.C. visceral layer mesoderm forms...
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visceropleure or splanchnopleure (mesentery and wall of digestive tract)
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The mesenchymal cells that migrate cranially from primitive node and pit form...
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Notochordal process (a median cellular cord)
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Notochordal process acquires...
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a lumen called notochordal canal
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Notochordal process grows cranially between ectoderm and endoderm until it reaches...
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Prechordal plate
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Oropharyngeal membrane functions (2)
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1. future site of oral cavity
2. signaling center for controlling develop of cranial structures |
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The embryonic disc remains bilaminar (2):
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1. Oropharyngeal membrane
2. Cloacal membrane (future site of anus) |
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To prevent migration of mesenchymal cells between the cloacal and oropharyngeal membr these fuse together...
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Ectoderm and endoderm
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Notocord extends from....
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Oropharyngeal membrane to primitive node
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Notocord degenerates as ___ forms but still exists as ____
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Notoocrd degenerates as BODIES of VERTEBRAE form, but small portions persist as NUCLEOUS PULPOSUS of intervetebral disc
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The notocord induces ____ to thicken & form the _____.
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The notocord induces the EMBRYONIC ECTODERM to thicken and form NEURAL PLATE
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The NEURAL PLATE is the primordom of the
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CNS - central nervous system
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Notocord process becomes...
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Notocordal plate
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Notochordal plate infolds to form...
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Notochord
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Neural plate is the future (structures)...
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Future brain and spinal cord
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Heart & great vessels form mesenchymal cells in this region ____.
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cardiogenic area
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The horseshoe-shaped region of mesoderm located at cranial end of trilaminar embryonic disc is called
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Intraembryonic coelom
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Endocardial heart tubes develop to form a primordial ___
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Heart tube
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By the end of the ___ week, blood is circulating and heart begins to beat on the ____ or ____ day.
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The end of the 3rd week, blood is circulating and heart begins to beat on the 21st or 22nd day
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Cardiocvascular system is the ___ organ system to reach a functional state.
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First!
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Vaculogenesis is...
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where vessels arise from BLOOD ISLANDS
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Angiogenesis entails...
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sprouting from existing vessels
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Central hemangioblasts differentiate into _____
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Hematopoietic Stem cells
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Hematopoietic stem cells are...
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precursors of all blood cells
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Mesenchymal cells surrounding primordial endoethelial blood vessels differentiate into...
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Muscular and connective tissue elements of the vessels
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Beginning at week 5, hematopoiesis is taken over by a sequence of embryonic organs:
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- Liver
- Spleen - Thymus - Bone marrow *most important organs w/ hematopoetic functions |
