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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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species |
fundamental evolutionary unit. are able to reproduce and create viable offspring |
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morphospecies concept |
"rule of thumb" most species look alike cant always use BSC |
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speciation |
process that produces new forms of life |
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ring species |
hybrid species connected to other species by gene flow share DNA indirectly hybrid disadvantage
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hybrid disadvantage |
offspring not well adapted to either pure parent environment |
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limitation to BSC (biological species concept) |
difficult to apply to real world cant be applied to asexual or extinct species doesn't account ring species doesn't account for plant hybridization
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Biological species concept |
species can reproduce and have fertile children |
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ecological species concept (ESC) |
each species has their own niche (where it lives and does competing) cant share a niche. 1 species will become extinct |
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evolutionary species concept (EvSc) |
for asexual species |
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only evolutionary process that leads to adaptive change? |
natural selection |
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pre-zygotic definition and factors |
before fertilization. prevent fertilization from taking place
courtship rituals (behavior mechanical blocks (different genitalia) biochemical imcompatible seperated by time (temporal) and space (ecological) |
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post-zygotic definition and factors |
after fertilization. result in failure of a fertilized egg to be a fertile individual
genetic incompatibility (dif # chromosomes)
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partial reproductive isolation |
2 populations have genetically diverged but not far enough for full reproductive isolation (being their own species)
ultimately results in 2 dif species |
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allotropic speciation |
"different place" happen more often populations geographically seperated can be dispersal or vicariance (outcomes are the same) |
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subspecies |
allotropic populations that only have partial reproductive isolation but have population specific traits |
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dispersal speciation |
some individuals colonize a different place |
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vicariance speciation |
geographic barrier arises within a population |
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peripatric speciation |
few individuals from mainland population go to new place. results in isolated island population |
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co-speciatin |
2 organisms speciate in response to each other at same time. one changes a bit and other changes as a response. happens in hosts and parasites |
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sympatric speciation |
usually result of disruptive selection (selects extremes, goes against means) |
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instantaneous speciation |
plants. plant A and plant B have viable offspring(Plant C). C is totally different and cannot breed back with A or B |
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plant polyploidy |
another type of instantaneous speciation |
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fixed gene |
no genetic variation. only option |
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speciation can occur in the presence or absence of |
natural selection |
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cytoskeleton |
scaffolding of dynamic proteins |
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membranes of organelles |
dynamic and interconnected |
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single celled heterotrophs |
take food from outside in |
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phagocytosis |
engulf, package transport and digest food particles |
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why is there diversity in eukaryotes? |
membrane dynamics compartmentalize metabolism genome organization sex = genetic diversity life cycles |
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glandular tissue |
indiscrete. pretty much only not discrete thing with cells |
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earliest fossils of eukaryotes |
1800 mya |
