Week 3 - Peripheral Nervous System And Spinal Nerves

Front 1

What do schwann cells do?

Back 1

Provide insulation for neurons

Front 2

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Back 2

All nervous tissue other than the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

What does the PNS include?

Back 3

The spinal and cranial nerves, the autonomic ganglia, and schwann cells

Front 4

What are ganglia? Plexuses?

Back 4

Ganglia are collections of nerve cells outside the CNS. Plexuses are peripheral nerves and fibers

Front 5

What is the difference between afferent and efferent?

Back 5

Afferent refers to communication moving toward the CNS (sensory). Efferent refers to movement communication moving away from the CNS (motor)

Front 6

What is somatic innervation? Visceral innervation?

Back 6

Somatic refers to the body (includes conscious sensation and motor control). Visceral refers to the organs.

Front 7

What is somatic sensory? Somatic motor? Visceral sensory? Visceral motor?

Back 7

Somatic sensory is conscious general sensation from the body (skin, touch, pain) Somatic motor is voluntary innervation to striated muscle. Involves one motor neuron, which travels from the spinal cord to the muscle that it innervates
Visceral sensory is vascular or chemoreceptors (unconscious or vaguely perceived)
Visceral motor is innervation to smooth, cardiac muscles and glands. Involves two motor neurons

Front 8

Where are the dorsal and ventral horns? What types of nerves do they contain?

Back 8

They are located in the spinal cord. The ventral horn conects to motor neurons and the dorsal horn connects to sensory neurons

Front 9

What is the origin of the CNS? What is the origin of the PNS?

Back 9

Neural ectoderm (neural plate nad neural tube) give rise to the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Neural crest gives rise to the spinal ganglia, autonomic ganglia, and myelin of PNS.

Front 10

Describe unipolar neurons

Back 10

They have a single long axon and a transmitting end: sensory ganglion neurons

Front 11

What are some examples of multipolar neurons?

Back 11

Motor neurons and sympathetic ganglion neurons

Front 12

Where did the connective tissue, vertebrae, muscles of the vertebral column

Back 12

Mesoderm! (dermatome, myotome, and sclerotome, components of the somite)

Front 13

What is the intervertebral foramen?

Back 13

The hole made between the vertebrae. This is where the spinal nerves exit.

Front 14

What is a dermatome?

Back 14

area of skin innervated by a single spinal segment

Front 15

What is a myotome?

Back 15

Volume of muscles innervated by a single spinal segment

Front 16

In which dermatome does the nipple usually lie?

Back 16

In T4

Front 17

Which nerve is responsible for most of the sensory innvervation of the face and head?

Back 17

The trigeminal nerve

Front 18

What is rostral vs caudal?

Back 18

Rostral is toward the head, caudal is toward the butt

Front 19

What is the median?

Back 19

The line that runs down the middle

Front 20

What encloses the CNS?

Back 20

The meninges and bone (skull or vertebral bone). The bone derives from somites of mesoderm

Front 21

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Back 21

The visceromotor portion of the PNS, composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

Front 22

From what tissue did the afferent neuroblasts (the neurons which connect to the dorsal root) develop from?

Back 22

Neural crest

Front 23

Where is the lateral horn located? What nervous system is it associated with?

Back 23

They are located in between the dorsal and ventral horns. It is associated with autonomic actvity

Front 24

Where do the neural crest cells migrate when they leave the notochord?

Back 24

They migrate to form the sympathetic ganglion. Some of these continue to form glands which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. They also form dorsal root ganglion. Those that travel to the GI tract form enteric ganglia
Schwann cells, melanocytes, spinal ganglion

Front 25

What is the ventral root? Ventral ramus?

Back 25

The ventral root contains axons of motor neurons which go to their corresponding muscles in the body. These neurons continue down the ventral ramus (ramus is where the nerve splits up)

Front 26

What is the dorsal root? Dorsal root ganglion? Spinal Nerve? Dorsal ramus?

Back 26

The dorsal root contains axons of sensory neurons which synapse in the dorsal horn. The dorsal root ganglion contains the sensory neuron bodies. Distal to the dorsal root ganglion is the spinal nerve. This is a short segment where the motor and sensory neurons are both present. These then split off into dorsal and ventral ramus. The sensory neurons travel down the dorsal ramus. These neurons come from a certain strip of skin called a dermatome

Front 27

Mail encryption that uses 3DES, RSA, MD5, and X.509.

Back 27

Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM)

Front 28

What are plexuses? Where are they located?

Back 28

Plexus is a network of peripheral nerve fibers. They are located in the neck, in the lumbar and sacral area (innervates the lower limb), and around C5-T1 (called the brachial plexus, which innervates the upper limb)

Front 29

What is tietze syndrome?

Back 29

It is pain in the nipple caused by compression of the T4 spinal nerve

Front 30

What are the cranial nerves?

Back 30

Nerves responsible for innervation of your head and neck

Front 31

Where did your face develop from?

Back 31

From the gill arches in development