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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a respiratory lobule?
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It is bounded by septa and contains 3-10 acini.
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Where are alveolar macrophages found?
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They are cells of the alveolar WALL,derived from monocytes.--->found on alveolar surface.
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Why do macrophages contain small brown particles?
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They phagocytose and digest RBC,esp in cardiac failure pts,with only hemosiderin left.
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What is the interstitium in the alveolar wall?
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It is a CT between type 1 pneumocyte and endothelial cells of the capillary.
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NAme the contents of the interstitium and the cells present in the alveolar wall.
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-BM
-Elastic fibres(recoil of lungs in exp.) -Collagen -Proteoglycan -Fibroblasts -Mast cells -Lymphocytes |
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What do interstitial(septal) fibroblasts produce?
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Type 3 collagen and elastin.(matrix)
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WHat is passive hyperemia?
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Blood collects in an organ of the body in response to a blockage in the veins that are supposed to move the blood out
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Do interstitial fibroblasts possess gap junctions and lipid droplets?
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YEs
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Are septal cells contractile?
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Yes
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What are the 3 common responses of acinus to injury?
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- Congestion
- Oedema - Atelectasis |
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What usually causes pulm. congestion(passive hyperemia)?
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Left ventricular failure-blood vessels distended and blood flow sluggish, with increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure.
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Congestion occurs due to inflammation also.
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True.
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What happens during pulm. oedema due to LV failure?
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Peribronchial and perivascular cuffing(around pulm. veins)--> lungs stiffer and its harder to breathe.
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Alveolar flooding occurs during
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Pulm. oedema with gas exchange not happening---->frothy sputum.
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What happens during atelectasis of lungs?
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-Resorption of air
- Compression - Contraction around scar -----> collection of fluid compresses base of lungs |
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WHat is the smallest conducting a/w ?
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Terminal bronchioles( < 0.5 mm diameter)
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What is a respiratory acinus?
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A functional unit consisting of:
-terminal bronchiole -resp. bronchiole -alveolar ducts -alveolar sacs -alveoli |
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Where are Clara cells found?
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Bronchioles
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What do the secretory granules of Clara cells contain?
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Surfactant for bronchioles
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Clara cells are dome shaped and stem cells for bronchiolar epithelium.
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True
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What is the main function of Clara cells?
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Protective function via SER oxidases and antiproteases(limit damage by inflam. cells)
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Describe terminal bronchioles' structure.
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-Fibroelastic CT
-1-2 Smooth muscle cells - CUBOIDAL ciliated epithelim,clara cells |
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Resp. bronchioles contain
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Alveolar outpouchings
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Resp. bronchioles divide into
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2-3 alveolar ducts
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Are there any smooth muscle cells in resp. bronchioles?
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Yes:1-2 SM cells(along with thin fibroelastic CT)
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What kind of epithelium in resp. bronchiole?
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Cuboidal epithelium becoming flattened.
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Alveolar ducts contain
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Flattened epithelium.
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Alveolar ducts contain numerous alveoli.
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True
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Alveolar ducts divide into
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2-3 alveolar sacs
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WHat is the function of Pores of Kohn?
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Euilibrate pressure and allow oedema fluid + infectious agents to spread.
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Alveolar macrophages are the APC of the immune system in the lungs.
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True
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What is the diff. between the epithelium of terminal bronchioles and resp. bronchioles?
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Epithelium of terminal bronchioles is Cuboidal CILIATED whereas in resp. bronchioles,cilia are absent.
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