Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the First Phase in the Transactional Model of Development?
|
Attachment
- Bonding - Internal Security from bonding - Stranger anxiety - Exploration of environment |
|
|
Second Phase?
|
Separation
- going to bed - babysitter / daycare |
|
|
Third Phase
|
Autonomy
- behavioural independence, thumbsucking, rocking / head - banging etc |
|
|
Final Phase
|
Mastery
- competence in ones own environment; feeding, exploring, dressing |
|
|
Issues with Phases of the Transitional Model
|
- thumbsucking
- sleep disturbance - exuberant explorer - tantrums - toilet tantrums |
|
|
Infantile Colic
- Wessel's Rule of Threes |
- 3 hours / day
- 3 days / week - 3 weeks in a row |
|
|
Colic: Cause
|
Unknown
|
|
|
Colic: DDx
|
- food intolerance
- OM - Bowel - Other: fracture |
|
|
Tx
|
Support
Swaddle White noise Psychiatry?? |
|
|
Approach to Sleep Disorders
|
- Extinction
- Setting the stage - Transitional objects - Ferber: reassurance; allow to fall asleep alone |
|
|
Leading Cause of Sleep Issues
|
Anxiety (Psychological)
|
|
|
Anatomical Differences: Infants
Tongue / Feeding Epiglottis / Soft Palate Adenoids / Eustachian Tube |
Tongue / Feeding: large tongue feeds mouth. Kids won't eat solids. Obligate nose breathers when feeding.
Epiglottis close to soft palate. Adenoids large / Eustachian tube horizontal |
|
|
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
What is the Croup Triad? Most common cause? Why is croup not seen in adults? |
1) Stridor (inspiratory)
2) Hoarse voice 3) Barky cough Viral (parainfluenza) Anatomy: airway not as confined. |
|
|
Tx for Croup
|
1) Fluids
2) Humidity??? 3) Cold air 4) Steroid --> dexamethasone 5) Stridor at rest: emergency; racemic epinephrine |
|
|
What is a the most common cause of Infantile Pneumonia?
Second most? |
Viral 60 - 80%
Bacteria: 20 - 40% |
|
|
Pneumonia Organisms: Birth - 1 month
|
Strep B
Coliforms Others |
|
|
Pneumonia Organisms: 1 month - 1 year
|
Pneumococcus
H. inluenza Staphylococcus Chlamydia |
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
Pneumococcus
H flu Mycoplasma |
|
|
5 years - 15 years
|
Mycoplasma
Pneumococcus Streptococcus |
|
|
Treatment: Neonatal Pneumonia
|
Unknown: IV Amp / Gent
Strep B: IV Penicillin Coliforms: IV Amp / Gent |
|
|
Treatment: Ambulatory Pneumonia
|
Pneumococcus: Amoxicillin
H flu: Amoxicillin Mycoplasma: Erythromycin / macrolides Staph: Cloxacillin / cephalosporin Chlamydia: Erythromycin / Macrolides |
|
|
What is Fever?
Rectal / Aural Oral Axilla |
Rectal / Aural > 38 C
Oral > 37.5 Axilla > 37.2 |
|
|
Should you treat fever?
|
Probably. Kid will feel and look better.
|
|
|
What is the Duration of the average common cold?
|
5-7 days (up to 14)
|
|
|
What is a common symptom of common cold in kids but not adults?
|
Fever. Parents get anxious!
|
|
|
Tx?
Meds |
Symptomatic. Fever will not cause brain damage.
Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, local decongestants. |
|
|
Meds to Avoid for Common Cold
|
Oral decongestants
Antihistamines Expectorants Cough suppressant |
|
|
OM
Acute Problem Chronic Problem |
Acute Problem: Pain!
Chronic Problem: hearing loss, speech and language delay |
|
|
OM: Etiology
Viral (1/3) Bacterial (2/3) |
Viral
Bacterial - pneumo - h flu m. catarrhalis |
|
|
Treatment
1st Line 2nd Line |
1st Line: Amoxicillin 40 - 50mg/kg
2nd Line: Clavulin 40 - 50 or Amoxicillin 90mg / kg 3rd line: cephalosporins or macrolides |
|
|
Why treat OM?
|
Pain. Get better faster.
Prevent complications |
|
|
Safety Net Tx?
|
Give use-if-needed prescription. 70% will resolve w/o Abx. Treat for pain.
|
|
|
What are high risk (need Tx) factors?
|
- Young age (<2)
- Bilateral - Fever - Winter |
|
|
AAP Guidelines
|
< 6 mos: Tx Abx
6 mos to 2 yrs: Treat if certain. Treat if severe. If not, wait. > 2 yrs: Treat if certain and severe. Otherwise observe. |
|
|
Compliance and Abx?
|
qid: 30% compliance
qd: 93% |
|
|
Diaper Rash Aetiologies (5)
|
Irritation due to urea / increase pH more rarely seen b/c diapers so absorbant
Contact dermatitis Fungal: candida Bacteria: staph, straph Seborrhea: seen in creases |
|
|
What do satellite lesions signify?
What do perianal lesions signify? |
Candida infection
Strep infection |
|
|
Tx Diaper Rash
|
- No diaper
- Vaseline, zinc oxide - Cortisone - Antifungals - Antibiotics |
|
|
How many deciduous teeth are there?
When does the first come in? How often after that? |
20
7 months (lower central incisor) 1 a month afterwards |
|
|
Dental Problems
a) Neonatal teeth b) Milk bottle caries |
a) Usually actual teeth but can remove if extra. Remove if loose to prevent aspiration.
b) Don't put kid to bed with bottle! |
|
|
Teething
- Causes... - Does not cause... |
... irritability, waking
...serious illness. Do not assume serious illnesses are due to teething. |
