Week 2: Pharmacology V

Front 1

1.Hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexametasone are examples of what kind of drugs? 2. Name two more drugs

Back 1

1.Glucocorticoid 2.bleclomethasone(asthma) and triamcinolone

Front 2

Glucocorticoids decrease the production of what two important inflammatory molecules? Used to treat what clincal illness?

Back 2

1.Leukotrienes and prostanglandins 2. Addison's Asthma, inflammation, immune suppression

Front 3

To treat Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma, use ____

Back 3

Glucocorticoids

Front 4

An important side-effect of Glucocortioid usage is ____

Back 4

Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome

Front 5

1. Buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity and peptic ulcers characterize what syndrome? 2. What other Si/Sx(in muscle, skin, bone and adrenal gland) are found in this syndrome?

Back 5

1.Cushing's Syndrome 2.Muscles wasting, thin skin, easy bruisability, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy,

Front 6

1. Which two drugs inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase causing penile erection? 2. Mechanism?

Back 6

1. Sildenafil and Verdenafil --they fill the penis 2. This inhibiton leads an increase in cGMP -leading to smooth muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum then penile erection.

Front 7

1.What class of drugs are used to treat erectile dysfunction? 2. This class of drug taken with Nitrates may cause what complication?

Back 7

1.cGMP phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 2. High risk of life-threatening hypotension taken in combination with Nitrates(also vasodialates)

Front 8

Which drugs is a partial agonist of estrogen recpetors in the pituitary gland? What is this drug's mechanism to treat infertility?

Back 8

1.clomiphene 2. Stimulating increase in LH and FSH, which stimulates ovulation to treat infertility

Front 9

What is Clomiphene? What are Clomiphene's side effects?

Back 9

1. Fertility drug 2. Hotflashes and ovarian enlargment (perhaps due to increased estrogen), multiple simultaneous pregnancies, visual disturbances

Front 10

1.Name an abortifacient is a competitite inhibitor of preogestins at progesterone recpetor and may lead to heavy menstrual-like bleeding?
2.Name another drug used in cancer that could be used for abortions and ectopic pregnancy?

Back 10

1.Mifepristone (RU486) 2. Methotraxate (S-phase specific antimetabolite)

Front 11

1.Oral contraceptive(OC) are reliable that decreases incidence of ectopic pregnancy - what are the other benefits of OC?
2. What are the drawback to OC use? What the major components of OCs?

Back 11

1. Decreases risk of pelvic infections, and regulates menses;
2. Hypercoagulable state, may increase your trigylcerides, weight, and blood pressure
3.Oral Contracpetices - syntheitc progestins/estrogen

Front 12

This Purine compound is converted to uric acid which leads to gout? 2. Name the enzyme involved in the conversion? Name the other 3 purine compounds? Name the end product of these purines?

Back 12

1.Xanthine (converted from excess purines) 2. Xanthine oxidase in two xanthine reactions. 3. Guanine, Hypoxanthine and Adenosine 4. Uric acid (liver, excreted by urine)

Front 13

This drug depolymerizes microtubules used to treat gout? Mechanism of this drug? Used for chronic or acute gout?

Back 13

1. Colchicine 2. Destabilizing the microtubule lead Impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation - reduce inflammation and tissue destruction associated with gout. 3. Acute

Front 14

This drugs inhibits reabsorption of uric acid? What form gout is it used to treat (chronic or Acute) gout? Effect of this drug on secretion of penicilin into the renal tubules?

Back 14

1. Probenecid 2. Chronic

Front 15

This drug is used to treat chronic gout, but also inhbits secretion of penicillin

Back 15

1.Probenecid 2.inhbits secretion of penicillin

Front 16

This drugs inhibits xanthine oxidase and therefore inhibit what reactions?

Back 16

1.Allopurinol
2. Xanthine oxidase is important for the conversion of Hypoxanthine--> Xanthine and Xanthine-->Uric acid

Front 17

What drugs inhibit the secretion of Uric acid into the renal tubule and excerbate Sx of gout?

Back 17

Diuretics and Low dose salicylates

Front 18

Antimetabolites, steroid hormones and etoposides are the cell cycle specific oncologic drugs - name three more?

Back 18

Plant alkaloids, bleomycin, paclitaxel

Front 19

Name two cell cycle Nonspecific oncologic drugs?

Back 19

alkylating agents and antibiotics

Front 20

Name the S-phase-specific anti-metabolite that is an folic acid analog- what enzyme does it inhibit? What is its anti-cancer mechanism? Effect on DNA and protein synthesis?

Back 20

1. Methotrexate 2. Inhibits dihydrofolate reducate 3. Prevents conversion of folate to FH2 and prevents FH2-->FH4 in the production of dTMP4. End result is it decreases dTMP(thymidine and purines) and the decreaing DNA/prtein synthesis.

Front 21

1.Name the S-phase-specific anti-metabolite that is a pyrmidine analog used for cancer Tx? 2.Name the compound it gets bioactivated to and what this compound gets complexed to? 3. What enzymes gets inhibited in the process and descrbe the effect of this inhibition?

Back 21

1. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 2. 5-FU gets bioactivated to form F-dUMP and it get complexed to folic acid 3. Inhibiting thymidylate synthase, decreasing dTMP and decreasing DNA/protein synthesis

Front 22

Myelosuppression by methotrxate is reversible with what drug? How well is methotrexate transported across the BBB?

Back 22

1. Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue 2. Poorly - hence the importance of Leucovorin in high Methotrexate doses

Front 23

Which drug blocks purine synthesis and is used to treat leukemias, lymphomas (not CLL or Hodgkins)? This purine analog is metabolized by what enzyme? Name another purine analog for CAH tx?

Back 23

1. 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) 2. Xanthine oxidase 3. Thioguanine

Front 24

Which drug alkylates DNA and is used to treat CML?

Back 24

Busulfan

Front 25

1.Which drug inhibits DNA polymerase and is used to treat AML?
2.Some side effects are leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, name another side effect?

Back 25

1. Cytarabine
2. Megaloblastic anemia

Front 26

1. Folic analog used to treat leukemias, lymphomas, choricarcinoma, also a abortifacient? 2. Name other conditions this drug is in their treatment? 3. Side effects?

Back 26

1. Methotrexate 2.Sacromas, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis 3. It may lead to myelosuppression

Front 27

1. 5-Fluorouracil is used to treat with CAHs (think skin and GI)? 2. Is the myelosuppresion by 5-FU reversible or irreversible?

Back 27

1. Used to treat colon cancer and other solid tumors, basal cell carcinoma (topically)? 2. Irreversible (this is not good)

F-Ur ass and skin (excuse the language)

Front 28

This drugs used to treat CML may lead to pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation? Name two other drugs with pulmonary fibrosis as their side effect?

Back 28

1. Busulfan 2. Amiodarone and Bleomycin

Front 29

Name the oncogenic drug that is an alkylating agent which is bioacivated by liver? 2. What is this drug's mechanism? 3. Tx for what form of cancers? Name another alkalating agent?

Back 29

1. Cyclophosphamides
2.Covalently x-links DNA at guanine N-7
3. Non-hodgkin's lymphoma, breast/ovarian carcinomas
4. Busulfan

Front 30

1.Carmustine and Streptozocin are part of what group? 2. Name two other drugs in this group? 3.Drug mechanism of action? Treatment of what tumors?

Back 30

1. Nitrosoureas (alkylating agent) 2.lomustine, semustine, 3. Alkylates DNA after bioactivation and can cross the BBB and treats brain tumors (glioblastoma multiforme)

Nitrous bomb for the head!

Front 31

1.Name drug that acts like an alkylating agent, x-linking via hyrdolysis of Cl and platinum? 2. What are the therapeutic uses of this drug?

Back 31

1. Cisplatin 2. Testicular, bladder, lung carcinomas (Platinium balls and lungs)

Front 32

This alkylating agent can cause myelosuppression and hemorhagic cystitis

Back 32

cyclophosphamides

Front 33

This combination of drugs is used to treat Hodgkin's and myelomas, sarcomas, and solid tumors (breast, ovary, lung)

Back 33

ABVD: Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine

Front 34

This drug causes noncovalently intercalates in DNA, creating breaks to decrease replication and transcription?

Back 34

Doxorubicin (adriamycin)

Front 35

Bleomycin, Dactinomycin

Back 35

____intercalates DNA strands and induces free radical fromation which causes strand breaks

Front 36

Which drugs causes cardiotoxicity, alopecia, and myelosuppression?

Back 36

Doxorubicin (adriamycin)

Front 37

Which drug is used to trat oat cell carcinoma of the lung and prostate/testicular carcinoma?

Back 37

Etoposide

(Twisted balls and lungs)

Front 38

This combination of drugs is used to treat lymphoma, CLL, Hodgkin's, Wilm's tumor, choriocarcinoma

Back 38

MOPP (Mustargen, Oncovin (Vincristine), Procarbazine (Matulane), Prednisone)

Wilm and Hodgkins love to MOPP

Front 39

Which glucocorticoid may trigger apoptosis and may even work on nondividing cells

Back 39

Prednisone


(the killer of non-divding cells):--> just an exagerated mneumonic

Front 40

This drug is a G2-phase specific inhibitor of Topisiomerase II, leaving double strand breaks in DNA following DNA replication?

Back 40

Etoposide

Front 41

This drug used to treat testicular cancer and lymphomas may cayse pulmonary fibrosis, skin chnages, and myelosuppression

Back 41

Bleomycin, Dactinomycin

Front 42

1. This immunosuppressant drug is used for lymphomas may cause acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers? 2. Name other side effects

Back 42

1. Prednisone 2. hyperglycemia, psychosis

Front 43

Name this oncogenic drug that is an estrogen receptor mixed agonist/antagonist? How does it work? 2. This drug is used to treat what condition? 3. Risks and side effect?

Back 43

1.Tomoxifen/Raloxifene 2. Blocks the binding of estrogen to ER+ cells? 3. Breast cancer 4. Endometrial carcinomas and hot flashes

Front 44

1.How does Vincristine work? 2.Name other related drugs?

Back 44

1. M-phase-specific alkaloid that binds to tubulin and blocks polymerization of microtubules, preventing spindle formation 2. Vinblastin

Front 45

How does Paclitaxel work? 2. Side effects?

Back 45

1.M-phase-specific agent that binds to tubulin and hyperstabilizes the polymerized microtubules preventing mitotic spindle breakdown. 2.Myelosuppression and hypersensitivity

Front 46

Name three M-phase oncogenic drugs?

Back 46

Vincristine, Vinblastine, Paclitaxel

Front 47

Side-effects of Vinblastine include….

Back 47

VinBASTine BLASTs Bone Morraow, causing myelosuppression, as well as neurotoxicity and paralutic ileus.

Front 48

1. How does cyclosporine work? 2. What is its clinical use? 3.Side effect and Risks?

Back 48

1. binds to cyclophilins, blocking differentiation and activation of T cells mainly by inhibiting IL2 production 2. Suppress organ rejection 3. Viral infections and lymphoma

Front 49

This antimetabolite derivative of 6-mercaptopurine interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acid, therefore toxic to proliferating lymphocytes

Back 49

azathioprine

Front 50

This potent immunosuppressive drug binds to the FK-binding protein and inhibits secretion of IL2 and other cytokines

Back 50

tacrolimus (FK506)

Front 51

Difference between Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus in their mechanism?

Back 51

1. Cyclosporine inhibits the synthesis of IL-2 2. Tacrolimus inhibits the release of IL-2.

Front 52

Azaothioprine is used to in what setting?

Back 52

Kidney transplants, autoimmune disorders (glomerulonephritis, hemolytic anemia)