Week 2: Infection Control And Prevention

Front 1

Host receives antibodies

Natural - Breast feeding (6mo-1yr)
Artificial - Injection of an immune serum (2-3 weeks)

Back 1

Passive (Acquired) Immunity

Front 2

Host produces its own antibodies

Natural - Exposure to antigens via an infection (life-long)
Artificial - Antigens given via vaccines (many years, may need booster)

Back 2

Active Immunity

Front 3

immunoglobulins, part of the body's plasma proteins, defend primarily against extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections

Back 3

Antibody

Front 4

A substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies

Back 4

Antigen

Front 5

Destroy and inhibit the growth of microorganisms on ANIMATE objects (i.e., the skin)

Back 5

Antiseptics

Front 6

Freedom from infection or infectious material

Medical ___ is clean with no pathogens (i.e., for use with GI & vaginal tract)

Surgical ___ is sterile with no microorganisms (i.e., for use with any IV access & sterile body cavities - such as lungs, bladder, chest cavity, abdominal cavity)

Back 6

Asepsis

Front 7

Those microorganisms carried in the blood and body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult-to-treat viral infections, namely, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV

Back 7

Bloodborne Pathogens

Front 8

- Involves the T-cell lymphocytes
- Also called cellular
- CANNOT be "given"
- Malnutrition causes decreases in this immunity
- (HIV/AIDS) Body is defenseless, immunodeficient, immunocompromised

Back 8

Cell-mediated Immunity

Front 9

Labratory cultivations of microorganisms

Back 9

Culture

Front 10

Destroy all pathogens except spores on INANIMATE objects

Back 10

Disinfectants

Front 11

Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy

Infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

Back 11

Iatrogenic

Front 12

The disease process produced by microorganisms

- An invasion of body tissue by pathogenic (disease producing) microorganisms which proliferate and can cause damage to the tissue and possible loss of function (local cellular injury, secretion of toxin, or antigen-antibody reaction in the host)

Back 12

Infection

Front 13

Infections associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility

Back 13

Nosocomial/HAI

Front 14

A process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses, on INANIMATE objects
- Inanimate objects must be cleaned of organic matter before sterilizing
- Sterilization is achieved by using moist, extreme heat, ethylene oxide gas, or radiation for specific lengths of time

Back 14

Sterilization

Front 15

Ability to produce disease

Back 15

Virulence

Front 16

Normal is 4,500-11,000 per mL

Back 16

WBC count

Front 17

- Involves the B-cell lymphocytes
- Also called humoral, circulating, acquired
- CAN be "given"

Note: Can be Active or Passive Immunity

Back 17

Antibody-mediated Immunity

Front 18

Anything that is a risk to organisms, such as ionizing radiation or harmful bacteria or viruses

Back 18

Biohazard

Front 19

The rate at which RBCs settle out in a tube of unclotted blood, expressed in millimeters per hour.

- RBCs settle more rapidly in the presence of inflammatory process

Note: Elevated sedimention rates are not specific for any disorder but most commonly indicate the presence of inflammation. Inflammation causes an alteration of the blood proteins, which makes the RBCs aggregate, becoming heavier than normal. The speed with which they fall to the bottom of the tube corresponds to the degree of inflammation.

Back 19

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

Front 20

- Period between invasion of the microorganism and before the first visible sign of disease

- Varies with the illness

Back 20

Incubation Period

Front 21

- Characterized by nonspecific feelings of discomfort, feelings that illness is about to occur (malaise), low grade fever, fatigue

**Client is most capable of spreading disease to others**

- Short duration of time

Back 21

Prodromal Period

Front 22

- Marked by signs and symptoms that are specific to the type of infection

- Fever is often present

Back 22

Illness Period (Acute Phase)

Front 23

- Acute symptoms of infection disappear

- Recovery occurs

- Duration may be longer than expected

Back 23

Convalescent Period

Front 24

- Isolation or barrier protection
- Protects against unknown pathogens

CDC guidelines:

To be used for ALL CLIENTS when CONTACT or POSSIBLE contact may occur with: 1) Blood, 2) Body fluids, secretions, and excretions, except sweat, regardless of whether or not they contain blood, 3) Nonintact skin, 4) Mucous membranes

Back 24

Standard Precautions

Front 25

A type of lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and produces antibodies. A precursor of the plasma cell, it is one of the two lymphocytes that play a major role in the body's immune response

Back 25

B-cell

(Antibody-mediated immunity)

Front 26

A small circulating lymphocyte produced in the bone marrow that matures in the thymus. Plays a major role in the body's immune response.

The helper T-cell affects the production of antibodies by B-cells.

A suppressor T-cell suppresses B-cell activity.

Back 26

T-cell

(Cell-mediated immunity)

Front 27

Designed for the disposal of sharps

Note: Regulated by OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)

Back 27

Sharps Container

Front 28

A retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells of the immune system

Back 28

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Front 29

Is inflammation of the liver and commonly results from a viral infection

Back 29

Hepatitis

Front 30

- Waste material that contains disease producing microorganisms
- Dispose of per agency policy (i.e., Biohazard red bag)

Back 30

Infective Wastes