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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enteroviruses (coxsackie/echovirus)
Viral |
Picorniviridae family
Icosahedral +ssRNA most common cause of viral meningitis ‐fever, headache, stiff neck, petechial rash (hand & mouth) good recovery ‐newborns more susceptible |
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Arbovirus
(West Nile) Viral |
Flaviviridae family
Icosahedral, enveloped, +ssRNA arthropod vector |
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HSV1, HSV2,
CMV, EBV, VZV Viral |
Herpesviridae family
Icosadeltahedral, enveloped, dsDNA ‐can cause lytic, persistent, and latent infections ‐has 10 different glycoproteins on envelope for attachment ‐sensitive to acid, solvents, drying |
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Mumps
Viral |
Paramyxoviridae family
Helical, Enveloped, Segmented ‐ssRNA parotid swelling |
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Streptococcus
pneumonia (most Bacterial common cause) |
gram+ Diplococci
catalase (‐), alpha hemolysis in aerobic (characteristic green color on green agar), beta hemolytic in anaerobic ‐Cell wall contains C‐polysaccharide, F‐antigen, phosphocholine (important in adhesion to epithelial cells) ‐Pneumolysin (creates pores in cells), IgA protease (kills IgA) ‐can also cause pneumonia, sinusitis ‐vaccine is polysaccharide conjugate. For young children because young children have weak T‐independent reponses |
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Neisseria
meningitides 2nd most common Bacterial cause |
gram‐ diploocci
catalase+, oxidase+, ferments glucose and maltose (whereas N. gonorrhea can only ferment glucose) ‐porins porA and porB, pili and flagella ‐outer membrane contains lipooligosaccharide (lipid A, core oligosaccharide, but no O antigen) instead of LPS ‐can cause pneumonia (cough, chest pain, fever, chills) ‐deadly if untreated |
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Streptococcus
agalactiae (group B strep) |
gram+ Cocci
chains catalase‐, beta hemolytic, Group B Lancefield antigen ‐common in neonates (50%). Second most common neonate meningitis bacteria is E. coli (25%) |
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Haemophilus
influenzae Bacterial |
gram‐ Rod
generally aerobic, catalase+, oxidase+ ‐colonizes URT, conjunctiva, genital tract ‐grows as tiny colonies next to S. aureus (satellite phenomenon) because S. aureus produces Factor V and Factor X required for its growth |
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Listeria
monocytogenes (common in cold areas ie Canada) Bacterial |
gram+ Short Rods (coccobacilli)
catalase+, beta hemolytic, cAMP test+, motile ‐intracellular ‐transmitted through food (unpasteurized milk) ‐mechanism of entry into cells: endocytosed by gut epithelium, avoids killing by Listeriolysin A and Phospholipase C, replicates inside cell, uses actin assembly (ActA) to extend membrane to neighbor cell, PrfA regulates cell lysis and replication and bacterium gets endocytosed again ‐can go from gut epithelium to macrophages (avoiding immune system) which can then cross to meningeal cells |
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Staphylococcus
epidermidis bacterial |
gram+ Cocci
clusters catalase+, coagulase‐, gamma hemolytic |
