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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mtDNA
-type of DNA? |
-double stranded circular
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mtDNA
-genes encodes for? |
-13 for protein units of resp. complexes I,III,IV,V
-22 for mito tRNA -2 for rRNA |
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types of mutations in mtDNA
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-point mut. in pro coding genes
-point mut. in RNA genes -large scale mtDNA rearrangements |
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Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)
-gene product? -mutation? |
-NADH dehydrogenase 1,4,6
-pt. mutation in pro coding genes --> dec. in ATP production |
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LHON
-inheritance? -clinical signs? |
-mtDNA; heteroplasmy rare
-bilateral vision failure; young adult; male; cardiac arrythmias, postural tremor, movement disorders |
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Leigh Syndrome
-mutation? -Inheritance? |
-pt. mutation in pro and RNA genes
-mendelian inheritance (AR) for nuclear genes; heteroplasmy common |
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Leigh Syndrome
-clinical signs? |
-early childhood; lactic acidosis; feeding problems; seizures; death w/in 1-2 years
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Kearns-Sayre syndrome
-mutation? -inheritance? |
-deletions/duplications mtDNA --> dec. activity complexes I-IV
-mtDNA; heteroplasmy common |
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Kearns-Sayre syndrome
-clinical signs? |
-opthalmoplegia; pigmentary degen. of retina; hearing loss; vestibular dysfunciton; onset around 20 y/o
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Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke like Episodes syndrome (MELAS)
-gene product? -mutation? |
-transfer RNA for leucine; NADH dehydrogenase subunits
-pt. mutaiton in tRNA (leu)/pt mutation in NADH dehydrogenase 5 subunit |
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MELAS
-inheritance? -clinical signs? |
-mtDNA; heteroplasmy common
-mito myopathy; lactic acidosis; encephalopathy w/seizures/dementia; stroke like |
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Myoclonic Epilepsy Ragged-Red Fibers (MERRF)
-gene product? -mutation? |
-tRNA for lysine; NADH dehydrogenase 5 subunit
-pt mutation of tRNA (lys); pt. mutation NADH dehydrogenase 5 subunit |
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MERRF
-inheritance? -clincial signs? |
-mtDNA; heteroplasmy common
-myoclonus; seizures; cerebellar ataxia; dementia |
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Types of CNS infections?
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-brain abscess
-meningitis -encephalitis |
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most common cause of brain abscess?
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-Streptococci
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glucose levels in:
-viral? -bacterial? -tuberculous? -cryptococcal? |
-normal/high
-less 40 -less 40 -less 40 |
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meningitis
-definition? -signs? |
-inflammation of meninges and CSF
-HA, photophobia, fever, irritability, clouding of conciousness, stiff neck |
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types of meningitis?
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-acute pyogenic (bacterial)
-chronic (tuberculous, spirochetal, cryptococcal) -aseptic (viral) |
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acute meningitis
-CSF characteristics? |
-cloudy, >1000 WBCs/mm3, neutrophils predominate, inc pro level, dec glucose
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aseptic meningitis
-CSF characterisitcs? |
-clear, lower WBC count(100-500), mononuclear cells predominant, glucose often normal
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meningitis
-common sx in children? |
-irritabilty, vomiting
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Acute aseptic meningitis
-common causes? |
-enterovirus (most common), arbobirus, herpesvirus, mumps, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
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enteroviruses (picornaviridae)
-morphology? -at risk? |
-small, naked, icosahedral capsid, (+) RNA
-children under a year |
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arboviruses
-morphology? -at risk? |
-enveloped, icosahedral, (+) ssRNA
-exposure to arthropod vector, >60 y/o |
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herpesvirus
-morphology? -at risk? |
-envelepod, icosadeltahedral capsid, dsDNA
-complication of genital HSV-2 infection |
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mumps
-morphology? -at risk? |
-helical nucleocapsid, pleomorphic envelope, (-)ssRNA
-unimmunized |
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lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
-morphology? -at risk? |
-pleomorphic envelope, segmented, (-) RNA
-in contact with rodents |
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enterovirus
-sx? -neonates? |
-fever, HA, nuchal rigidity, petechial rash
-sever meningoencephalitis, MOF |
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mumps
-sx? |
-5 days after parotitis, fever, HA, vomiting
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herpes viruses
-sx? |
-HSV-2: genital tract infection, stiff neck, HA, fever
-Epstien Barr: pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly -Varicella Zoster: vesiculopusutlar rash seen in VZV meningitis |
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benign lymphocytic meningitis assoc. w/HSV-2
-sx? |
-seizures, hallucinations, diplopia, cranial nerve palsies, alter LOC, HA, fever, photophobia, meningism
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herpesvirus
-virulence? |
-dep. on envelope glycopro.
-capable of lytic, persistent, latent/recurrent infections |
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site of latency for:
-HV I? -HV II? -HV III? |
-neuron
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site of latency?
-HV 4? -HV 8? HV 5? |
-B cell
-B cell -monocyte, lymphocyte, and? |
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HSV 2
-types of transcription? |
-early (alpha/beta)
-late (gamma) |
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sites of latency for
-oral HSV -genital HSV |
-trigeminal ganglia
-sacral dorsal root ganglia |
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main causes of bacterial meningitis 16 y/o older?
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-streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus aggalactiae (group b strep), haemophilus influenzae, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus epidermitis
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streptococcus pneumoniae
-morphology? -ID? -at risk? |
-gram (+) diplococci
-CSF gram stain, alpha hemolysis, catalase neg -other pneumococcal infections, otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, endocarditis |
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neisseria meningitidis
-morphology? -ID? -at risk? |
-gram (-) diplococci
-CSF gram stain, oxidase +, fermentation of BOTH glucose and maltose -children/young adults, complement deficiencies |
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streptococcus agalactiae (group b strep)
-morphology? -ID? -at risk? |
-gram (+) cocci
-CSF gram stain, beta-hemolytic, B-lancefield antigen ->60 years, DM, cardiac, hepatic, neonates |
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haemophilus influenzae
-morphology? -ID? -at risk? |
-gram (-) rods
-CSF gram stain, PRP capsular antigen in CSF -unimmunized children |
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listeria moncytogenes
-morphology? -ID? -at risk? |
-gram (+) coccobacilli (short rods)
-CSF gram stain, motility, beta-hemolysis, cold tolerance, pos CAMP test -neonates, elderly, pregnant |
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staphylococcus epidermitis
-morpholgy? -ID? -at risk? |
-gram (+) cocci in clusters
-CSF gram stain, gamma-hemolysis, coagulase neg -post neurosurgical pts, CSF shunts |
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listeria monocytogenes
-catalase? -motility? -transmission? -virulence factor? |
-positive
-motile at room temp -lunch meat, soft cheeses -PrfA |
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-listeria monocytogenes
-penetration of enterocytes? |
-gut epithelial cells to macrophages to endothelial cells in meningeal membranes
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streptococcus pneumoniae
-commonly found? -hemolysis? |
-throat and nasopharynx
-a-hemolytic in aerobic incubation; b-hemolytic in anaerobic |
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streptococcus pneumonia
-cell wall contains? |
-c-polysaccharide
-f-antigen -phosphocholine |
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streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors
-attatchment/evasion? -destruction/invasion? |
-capsule, adhesins, IgA protease
-pneumolysin, phosphocholine |
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neisseria meningitidis
-found in? -difference in gonorrhea? |
-throat and nasopharynx
-gonorrhea oxidize only glu; meningitidis oxidize glucose AND maltose |
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neisseria meningitidis
-main virulence factor? -function? |
-polysaccharide capsule
-prevents phagocytosis |
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neonatal meningitis
-sx? -neuro findings? -most common causes? |
-temp instability, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting
-lethargy, poor tone, tremors, full fontanelle, nuchal rigidity -group b strep, e. coli, gram neg rods, listeria monocytogenes, strep pneumoniae, group a strep, haemophilus influenzae type b |
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group b strep
-common type? -morphology? -found where? |
-S. agalactiae
-gram (+), cocci in chains, group b lancefield antigen, b-hemolytic, catalase neg. -lower GI trac, vaginal carriage |
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haemophilus influenzae
-morphology? -found? -diseases it causes? |
-pleomorphig gram (-) rods
-upper resp. tract, conjunctiva, genital tract -otitis media, sinusitis, epiglottitis, bronchopneumonia, meningitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis |
