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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens in the Hellenistic Kingdom of Pergamon? |
Death of Lysimachus the thrace of kingdom collapses -A general rules a tiny part of it -The city becomes an ally of rome |
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Was the hellenistic kingdom rich? |
-Yes it was preserved rich by the romans and it became an important centre of greek culture and learning |
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When was the foundation of Rome? |
753 BC |
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Who was Rome founded by at 750 BC? |
Rome was founded by Romulus |
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What was Rome in the 9th C? |
-Rome was a small town in italy with no major power in the 9th century |
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What city was the most dominant at this time? |
-Etruscans to the north were the dominant and developed civilisation & greeks were the beginning to colonise in the south |
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What type of culture did the Etruscans have? |
-They have their own culture but by the 8th - 7th Century they were more influence by Greek culture |
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What way to the Etruscan write? |
-The Etruscan adopted a form of the Euboean Greek alphabet and this would later pass to the romans |
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In the 6th Century was was rome ruled by and what happened in the 5th century? |
-The Etruscan kings still ruled rome until 510 BC Rome expelled the kings |
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What happened in the 4th - 3rd century |
-Rome expanded into italy, the defeated the italian battles then concluded peace treaties making them roman subjects by around 270 BC they controlled most of italy |
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What happened during the 3rd and 1st century with the Roman republic? |
- The roman republic acquired a huge empire by conquering other teritories and kingdoms |
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Who ruled the roman empire in the 3rd & 1st century? |
Unlike previous empires it was not ruled by a single ruler but by an oligarchy called the republic with a council (senate) and individuals with rotating power (consuls). The purpose was to not allow any one person for power only temporary power |
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When did this republic end? |
- The republic came to an end in the 1st century BC because of the expansion of the territory of empire meant it was difficult to control and the growing ambition of individuals |
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What is Carthage? |
- Carthage was founded as Phoenician colony in North Africa in 9th century. Carthage became powerful centre through trade with Etruria (italy) & lberia (Spain) |
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What happened with Carthage and Rome in the 5th and 4th century the beginning? |
- In 5th and 4th century BC it maintained those trade trouts coming into conflict with greek city silicity. By 4th century it controlled a large territory in west mediterranean. This was a threat to Romen |
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What happens in the 1st punic war and when? |
264-241 BC. - Centred on the sea battle around Sicily, resulted in the surrender of Sicily so Roman's won |
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What happens in the 2nd punic war? |
208 BC- Carthagian general Hannibal marched from spain with war elephants and invaded italy the Roman response was to attack the Carthagian territory in Sicily, Spain and the north Africa, forcing hannibal home where he was defeated. Force was led by Scipio who now was a roman hero |
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What happens in the 3rd punic war? |
149-146 BC - The recovering city of Carthage was completely destroyed by Roman general Scipio grandson, the city then becomes the roman province of Africa |
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What happens during this time 200 bc to the hellenistic kingdom? |
- The hellenistic kingdom are threatened by the expansion of Rome |
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How does rome take over Hellenistic kingdom of greece? |
They take it over in 2th Century by military conquest (kingdom of macedonia) or by invitation (kingdom of pergamon) |
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What Greece city becomes a powerful enemy of Rome? |
The Parthians will continue to be a enemy of Rome |
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What kingdom is Parthia and who is it ruled by? |
Soleucid kingdom under Mithridas |
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How is Macedon vs Rome work? |
Rome defeats Macedon twice in 148 BC until Philip V of Macedon allied with Carthage most of greece was annexed to this Macedon |
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What was pergamon of greece now and what did they become? |
-They were already an allly through invitation at 133 BC. They became the province of Asia |
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What is the Res Publica (Republic)? |
- At first this was essentialy an oligarchy - powers in hands of a wealthy aristocracy -small group of rich people controlling the poor. Roman could vote for their wealthy person |
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How was the roman society divided into? |
- Roman society was divided into social classes by wealth (in property) and ancestry. - Richer had responsibility to help provide help to those who are beneath them |
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All aspect of roman public life was governed by? |
the Gods |
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What is the roman army? |
-Strength of the Roman Empire. Huge and persistent (made them succesful) -Membership in the army was restricted by to certain level of ownership. Soldiers had to pay for their own equipment. |
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What is the roman army led by? |
Led by a consul who was given position of a general |
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What is some of the benefits of being in the army? |
-Fame and prestige through military success -Military victory provided wealth & honour -Conquered territory could become part of the roman empire |
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- Barberini portrait Rome, 1st century BC This statue shows realistic roman republician facial features -The man is wearing a toga the part of a roman citizen which had to be worn the symbolically demonstrate the wearer could afford to have others to keep his clothes in order and do labor -They are impossible to fight in shows threat in the city |
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Roman identity |
- Family and ancestors were extremely important to the roman upper class. It gave them claim to status and power - The achievement of their ancestor would age prestige to their descendents - Their photo were kept in public rooms |
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What art do roman's enjoy? |
- Greek art and culture, copying famous greek statues and adapting to the greek style - Remember that original greek art came into rome as war booty after greece was conquered |
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2-1st C BC trouble for the roman republic |
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What were the trouble's in rome during this time? |
- Alot of wealth coming into Rome but it was only into a small minority -Corruption amongst ruling class -Soldiers are spending more time fighting rather than maintaining their land |
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Who is the Gracchus brothers? |
in 133 BC the Gracchus brothers were officials who tried to over rule the senate and redistribute land. They were killed but this was the first sign of unrest and the attempts to use popular power against the senate. |
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What is the Slave revolts? |
135-71 BC slaves used to farm the land and outnumbered citizen the internal threats panic rome |
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What is the social war 91-88 BC? |
Between rome & italian allies demanding reward of empire provides. Italian allies lost but were granted citizenship |
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Who is Jugurtha in Mumidia? |
New external threats appear in AfrICA AND NORTH. - Fears give good generals a chance at gaining more time |
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During this time of growing unrest and threats to roman rule all over the empire, strong generals were awarded extraordinary powers by the senate. They could use the threat of military strength to gain political power, and defeat political rivals through military power and popular support (like greek tyrants) |
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What finally breaks down the senate? |
- Since generals were given a lot of power by the senate pollitical strong rivalry breaks out into two generations of cival wars crumbling down the roman republic |
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Who is Marius & his "Client Army"? |
- A senatorial man he still rose through his political ranks & was militarily succesful in social wars and against Jugurtha |
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What did Marius do? |
He took on soldiers without properly (remember you are not allowed to enlist if you don't have property) - Extending the army base at a time when more men were needed for fighting this is the client army - He broke the aristocratic rule and credit a client army only loyal to himself rather then the roman state he was successful |
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Who is Sulla? |
A succesful officer in Marius's army He used the army as a weapon against rome |
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How did Sulla achieve power? |
Sulla achieved power within the system used used his army to get it |
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Why did Sulla march into rome? |
- He outlawed and killed rivals, generals were not allowed to do this. - He invaded italy and marched on rome where a terified senate made him dictator - He stepped down in 79 BC and died the following year |
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Who is Pompey? |
A warlord under Sulla's dictatorship. He was a succesful in campaign in Sicily and Africa. - He was a warlord |
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What did Pompey do for rome? |
- He took down the Spartacaus slave revolt - He is given power and an army to deal with pirates - Defeats Mithridas VI of pontus annexing syria and Judea as roman provinces |
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What did Pompey build with julies ceaser? |
He creates an alliance for combine action with Julios Ceaser and Crassus but soon became Caesar's rival for absolute power in 52 BC. The war between them was fought over the whole empire |
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Julius Caesar - General TO dictator |
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Who is Julius Caesar? |
- After militarily succes in Asia and Spain he became consul with the support of Pompey & crassus |
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What were Julius accomplishments? |
- He fought against helvetti ingaul and campaigned for 5 years and conquered the whole franch and even reached england before recalling too rome. (58 bc) |
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What is Caesar worried about when he returns too rome? |
- He is worried that he won't have political support of Pompey back in rome so his army is his only power |
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How did the war against pompey happen ? |
- In 49 bc caesar brought his troops back across the river into italy starting the cival war between them. - Pompey leave italy to gather his support from around the empire - Caesar and pompey fight around the mediterranean where Pompey is defeated in battle and flees to Egypt where he is killed -Caesar consolidates power in Egypt and Africa and has an affair with egyptian queen cleopatra |
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What happens now when Caesar returns to italy? |
- The senate rewarded him lavish rewards and honours they have already been awarding him consulships and dictatorships - in 44 BC he was the perpetual dictator before it was temporary |
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What temple was dedicated to Caesar? |
Temple of Venus Genetrix made for his victory over Pompey |
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- Caesar was the first living roman o have his portait on a coin an honour granted by the senate in 44 bc |
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What did Caesar come from? |
-Caesar was of an old aristocratic family and he made much of celebrate his family ancestry which he traced back to Goddes venus via the trojan prince, the one who founded rome |
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Assasination of Julius Caesar 44 BC |
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Who assasinated Caesar? |
-Senators led by Brutus and Cassius who claimed to be restoring republican freedom from tyranny - Assasin of Caesar were condemned and defeated at the battle of phillippi in 43 bc and commited suicide.
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When did he die? |
44 BC right when he was about to leave rome to deal with Parthians |
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Who is Caesar nephew? |
Octawan, was named Caesar's adoptive son |
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What was the power struggle? |
Three big powers in Rome. - Octavian, Antony & lepidus. When they are working together the form the 2nd triumvirate |
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Most of octavan early power came from? |
Julius Caesar |
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How did 2nd triumvirate fell apart? |
First lepidus died leaving two men competing for power - Antony campaign in the east dallying with Cleopatra and being defeated by Parthians while octavan gathered support from the west |
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What happens between octavan vsing Antony? |
Octavian defeats Antony at the battle of Actium and in 30 bc attacked Alexandria (hellenistic city) were antony committed suicide |
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What is Alexandria? |
A hellenistic city founded by Alexander the great (Many librarys here) |
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What marks the end of the hellenistic world? |
The defeat of Mark Antony - The last of the hellenistic kingdoms taken over by the romans was Ptolemaic in egypt 30 bc - Cleopatra and his lover Mark Antony were defeated by Roman Octavian (later to become Augustus) Cleopatra committed suicide also and Egypt fell to romans |
