Week 10 Terms

Front 1

Homeostasis

Back 1

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes.

Front 2

Metabolism (Cellular)

Back 2

Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life.

Front 3

Sensory Receptor

Back 3

An organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation.

Front 4

Negative Feedback

Back 4

Factors that result from a process and, in turn, reduce that same process.

Front 5

Conduction

Back 5

The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

Front 6

Convection

Back 6

The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.

Front 7

Evaporation

Back 7

Transition of a liquid to a gas.

Front 8

Endothermic

Back 8

Animal that controls its body temperature by varying its production of metabolic heat; for example a bird or mammal.

Front 9

Hypothalamus

Back 9

Forebrain region that controls processes related to homeostasis; control center for endocrine functions.

Front 10

Pituitary Gland

Back 10

Pea-sized endocrine gland in the forebrain that interacts closely with the adjacent hypothalamus.

Front 11

Thermoreceptor

Back 11

Temperature-sensitive sensory receptor.

Front 12

Hyperthermia

Back 12

The condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal.

Front 13

Hypothermia

Back 13

The condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low.

Front 14

Shivering Response

Back 14

In response to cold, rhythmic muscle contractions generate metabolic heat.

Front 15

Brown Adipose

Back 15

One of two types of fat or adipose tissue found in mammals.

Front 16

Osmoreceptor

Back 16

Sensory receptor that detects shifts in the solute concentration of a body fluid.

Front 17

Antidiuretic Hormone

Back 17

Hormone released by the posterior pituitary; makes kidney tubules more permeable to water; encourages water reabsorption, thus concentrating the urine.

Front 18

Aldosterone

Back 18

Adrenal hormone that makes kidney tubules more permeable to sodium; encourages sodium reabsorption, thus increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine.

Front 19

Pancreas

Back 19

Organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and hormones into the blood.

Front 20

Beta Cells

Back 20

Any of the insulin-producing cells in the islets of Langerhans.

Front 21

Alpha Cells

Back 21

Glucagon-secreting cells of the endocrine pancreas.

Front 22

Insulin

Back 22

A hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.

Front 23

Glucagon

Back 23

Pancreatic hormone that causes cells to break down glycogen and release glucose.

Front 24

Hyperglycemia

Back 24

An excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus.

Front 25

Type 1 Diabetes

Back 25

High blood glucose levels caused by a total lack of insulin. Occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin.

Front 26

Type 2 Diabetes

Back 26

High blood glucose levels caused by either a lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently.