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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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types of cartilage?
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-hyaline
-fibrocartilage -elastic |
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cartilage made up of?
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-water
-collagen -proteoglycans -glycosaminoglycans -hyaluronic acid |
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open fracture osteomyelitis
-most common organisms? -sx? |
-staph aureus, pseudomonas, staphylococcus
-nonunion, poor wound healing, erythema, fever, chills |
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
-morphology? -growth? |
-gram (-) rods, pairs/singles
-NO fermentation of CHO, blood agar: brown, macconkey agar: colorless, nutrient agar: blue/green |
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most common organisms in neonates?
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-group B strep
-E coli |
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hematogenous seeding in children
-isolates? -body region? -sx? |
-CA-staph aureus, strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae B
-end of long bones metaphysis -chills, fever, malaise, pain, swelling |
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hematogenous osteomyelitis in adults
-body region? -isolates? -sx? -causes? |
-spine
-staph aureus, coag neg staphylococci -insidious pain, tenderness in spine, fever -infection, IV drugs |
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osteomyelitis due to contiguous spread
-causes? |
-infective arthritis
-post trauma -soft tissue infections -puncture wounds |
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contiguous osteomyelitis
-isolate? -sx? |
-s. aureus
-fever, drainage, pain, necrosis, soft tissue damage |
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neuropathic osteomyelitis
-bacterial isolates? -causes? -sx? |
-staphylococci, streptococcus, enterococcus, gram neg bacilli
-foot ulcer, hyperglycemia -ulcer, inc ESR, CRP |
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indwelling catheters
-most common isolate? -site? |
-s. aureus
-sacroiliac joint |
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hemodialysis patients
-isolate? -site? |
-s. aureus, s epidermidis
-vertebral osteomyelitis |
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sickle cell disease
-isolates? -location? -sx? |
-salmonella, s. aureus
-long bone, septic arthritis -bone pain, fever, chills, leukocytosis |
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salmonella
-morphology? -growth? -dx? |
-gram neg. rod shaped, flagella
-maconkey agar, non-lactose fermenter, produce H2S -salmonellosis, enteric fever, gastroenteritis |
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mycobacterium tuberculosis
-morphology? -growth? -at risk? |
-acid fast, rods, intracellular
-stricly aerobic -HIV, IV drugs |
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staph aureus
-morphology? -coagulase? -catalase? |
-gram +, cocci, non motile
-producer -catalase + -B-hemolytic |
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nucleus
-definition? |
-collection of structurally and functionally related neruons
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neuropril
-definition? |
-dense network of dendrites, axons, glial cell processes btwn neurons
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stratum
-definition? |
-layer of neurons w/in CNS
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tracts
-definition? |
-collecition of nerve fibers in CNS
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fasiculus
-definition? |
-bundle of neuronal axons/fibers enclosed by perineurium
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lemniscus
-definition? |
-bundle of sensory fibers in brain stem
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ganglion
-definition? |
-aggregation of nerve cell bodies
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nerve
-definition? |
-peripheral nerve, fasicles of axons enclosed by perineurium
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ramus
-definition? |
-dorsal/ventral branches of spinal nerves
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root
-definition? |
-initial segment of nerve leaving CNS
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1,25 Vit D
-net effect: serum? kidney? intestine? bone? |
-serum: inc Ca, inc P
-intestine: inc Ca/P absorption -kidney: inc Ca/P reabsorption -bone: resorption of Ca |
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most active form Vit D?
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-calcitriol
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calcitonin
-helps treat? -functions? |
-Paget's dx
-block bone resoption, dec. serum Ca |
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bisphosphonates
-functions? -side effects? -prototype? |
-bind to bone matrix, stabilize bone turnover - inhibit resoption
-esophageal irritation, only on empty stomach -risedronate |
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estrogen
-functions? |
-antiresorptive effect; inc osteoblastic production of osteoclast suppressor (Osteoprotegerin)
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estrogen
-side effects? |
-w/drawal leads to bone loss, inc risk venous thrombosis, some menstrual sx
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selective estrogen receptor modulators
-prototype? -functions? |
-tamoxifen
-ligand-inducible nuclear transc. factors -tmt of breast CA now |
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PTH
-causes? |
-inc Vit D production, inc Ca/P absorption, inc renal Ca reabsorption, inc renal P excretion, stimulations bone resoption
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teriparatide
-prototype for? -effects? |
-PTH
-anabolic effect to replace bone density |
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denosumab
-functions? |
-mimick OPG, anti-RANKL antibody
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glucocorticoids
-effects? |
-inhibit transc. of osteocalcin (promotes bone mineralization), induce o.blast apoptosis, inc. o.clast activity
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