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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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assimilation
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The process by which a person takes material into their mind from the environment, which may mean changing the evidence of their senses to make it fit.
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accommodation
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The difference made to one’s mind or concepts by the process of assimilation.
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Egocentrism
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The belief that you are the center of the universe and everything revolves around you – the corresponding inability to see the world as someone else does and adapt to it.
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formal operational
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Becomes concerned with the hypothetical, the future, and ideological problems
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concrete operational
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Classifies objects according to several features and can order them in series along a single dimension, such as size.
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transformation
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The operation of changing one configuration into another (Merriam-Webster dictionary online). In Piaget's conservation experiments, the physical change of a substance that does not change its amount (eg: pouring liquid from a wide short glass into a tall thin glass).
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sensorimotor stage
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Piaget - (Infancy). In this period (which has 6 stages), intelligence is demonstrated through motor activity without the use of symbols. Knowledge of the world is limited (but developing) because its based on physical interactions / experiences. Children acquire object permanence at about 7 months of age (memory). Physical development (mobility) allows the child to begin developing new intellectual abilities. Some symbollic (language) abilities are developed at the end of this stage.
Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date] from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html |
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
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The difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given - allowing the child to develop skills they will then use on their own - developing higher mental functions.
http://www.simplypsychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/vygotsky.html |
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Social Development Theory
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Credited to Vygotsky, it proposes that: Social Interaction and culture has a dramatic impact on cognitive development.
Cognitive processes (language, thought, reasoning) develop through social interaction. Learning is largely mediated by social interaction of students and "More Knowledgeable Others" (e.g. teachers, parents, coaches, peers, experts, etc.) http://www.simplypsychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/vygotsky.html - PowerPoint presentation "Vygotsky and Piaget" |
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Scaffolding
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The context provided by knowledgeable people such as adults to help children to develop their cognitive skills. An important aspect of scaffolding is that there is a gradual withdrawal of support as the child’s knowledge and confidence increase.
http://www.simplypsychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/vygotsky.html - PowerPoint presentation "Vygotsky and Piaget" |
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Cognitive domain
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The cognitive domain involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. There are six major categories: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
http://www.skagitwatershed.org/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html |
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Irreversibility
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Lack of the ability to see physical transformations and then imagine reversing them so that the change is cancelled out.
http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1502357 This concept usually applies to children in the preoperational stage. |
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Centration
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Children in the pre-operational
stage often pay attention to only part of a given situation. http://www.psypress.com/common/supplementary/184169309x/112-116.pdf |
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Pre-operational stage
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(Toddler and Early Childhood). In this period (which has two substages), intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, language use matures, and memory and imagination are developed, but thinking is done in a nonlogical, nonreversable manner. Egocentric thinking predominates
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