Week 1 - Microbiology

Front 1

A protein-free substance that can react specifically with Ab binding sites.

Cannot elicit, by itself, an immune response.

Back 1

Hapten

Front 2

Any molecule which is capable of reacting specifically with the immune system.

Back 2

Antigen

Two subtypes: immunogen and hapten.

Front 3

A molecule that elicits an immune reaction

Back 3

immunogen

Front 4

Antigens are produced by _______ cells.

Can specifically bind an antigen.

Back 4

Plasma cells

Front 5

A diffuse system of phagocytic cells derived from the bone marrow

Back 5

Reticuloendothelial system

Front 6

- Antibodies
- Complement
- Phagocytosis
- Cell lysis
- Programmed cell death

Back 6

The many ways the immune system kills cells

Front 7

Phagocytes (macrophages/neutrophils) bind __________ or ________.

Back 7

Lipopolysaccharide

Teichoic acids.

Front 8

This molecule is an invariant component of gram negative bacteria

Back 8

lipopolysaccharide

Front 9

This molecule is a structural component of gram positive bacteria.

Back 9

Teichoic acids

Front 10

Toll-like receptors:

LPS receptor

Back 10

TLR-4

Front 11

Toll-like receptors:

Recognizes a variety of proteoglycans from gram-positive bacteria (teichoic acids)

Back 11

TLR-2

Front 12

Toll-like receptors:

Recogizes double stranded RNA viruses

Back 12

TLR-3

Front 13

Toll-like receptors:

Recognizes bacterial DNA by presences of unmethylated CG dinucleotides in particular sequence contexts

Back 13

TLR-9

Front 14

Signatures of yeast

Back 14

Mannans

Front 15

Released in high concentrations by bacteria.

Serve as activators and chemoattractants for phagocytes

Back 15

N-formylmethionine

The peptide fMLP or formyl-Met-Leu-Phe is the prototypic peptide of this class

Front 16

_________ _______ leads to a nonspecific inflammatory response

Back 16

tissue necrosis

Front 17

The alternative pathway of complement is triggered by....

Back 17

specific types of polysaccharides in the bacterial cell coat.

Front 18

Lysozyme is released by macorphages and other leukocytes which digests _________component of bacterial cell walls

Back 18

peptidoglycan

Front 19

What is the primary rate limiting step in the acquired immune response?

Back 19

Clonal expansion.

Results in the resolution of the infectious disease

Front 20

Can MHC glycoproteins distinguish between self and nonself peptides?

Back 20

No.

T-helper cells recognize particular MHC/peptide complexes via clonotypic T cell antigen receptors.

Front 21

- Viruses (replicate inside host cells)
- Tumor antigens (mutant/oncogenic proteins)
- intracellular bacterial or fungal infections

Back 21

Intracellular sources of antigens.

Front 22

1. Extracellular antigen

2. Endocytic/exogenous antigen processing pathway

3. Class II MHC glycoproteins

4. CD4+ T-helper cell

Back 22

Extracellular infection pathway

Front 23

1. Intracellular antigen

2. Endogenous antigen processing pathway

3. Class I MHC glycoproteins

4. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte

Back 23

Intracellular infection pathway

Front 24

- Perinuclear space
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi
- Secretory vesicles
- Phagosomes
- Endosomes
- Lysosomes

Back 24

MHC Class II antigen processing pathway.

Organnelles that are continuous with the outside of the cell.

Front 25

- Proteins synthesized on RER via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway.

MHC Class I samples these proteins

Back 25

ERAD eliminates aberrant proteins from the RER by dislocating them to the cytoplasm where they are tagged by ubiquitin and degraded by the proteasome

Front 26

The endosome fuses onto the plasma membrane, but proliferates in the cytoplasm.

What is this called?

Back 26

Endosome trick

Front 27

The endosome fuses onto the plasma membrane, but proliferates in the cytoplasm.

What complex will the plasma membrane be presented on?

Back 27

MHC II

Front 28

The endosome fuses onto the plasma membrane, but proliferates in the cytoplasm.

What complex will the cytoplasmic domain be presented on?

Back 28

MHC I

Front 29

Surface molecules that react with specific monoclonal antibodies

Back 29

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

Front 30

These lymphocytes have surface Ig (Ab) as Ag receptor

Back 30

B lymphocytes

Front 31

These lymphocytes do not use Ig as surface Ag receptors

Back 31

T-lymphocytes

Front 32

Receptor for C3d and Epstein-Barr virus

Back 32

CD21 (B lymphocytes)

Front 33

IgG Fc receptor

Back 33

CD32 (B lymphocytes)

Front 34

C3b receptor

Back 34

CD35 (B lymphocytes)

Front 35

Signal transduction

Back 35

CD45 (B and T lymphocytes)

Front 36

Adhesion molecule

Back 36

CD2 (T lymphocytes)

Front 37

Signal transduction portion of T cell receptor

Back 37

CD3 (T lymphocytes)

Front 38

Recognizes MHC class I or II respectively

Back 38

CD8 or CD4 (T lymphocytes)

Front 39

Binds to co-stimulatory molecule

Back 39

CD28 (T lymphocytes)

Front 40

- Fat cells
- Endothelial cells
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages

Back 40

Meshwork of stromal cells in bone marrow

Front 41

The cells are cortical and medullary epithelial cells.

Have long membrane processes that can envelope up to 50 thymocytes.

Back 41

Nurse cells in thymus

Play a role in T cell maturation and differentiation

Front 42

- Epithelial cells.
- Interdigitating dendritic cells
- Macrophages

Back 42

Stromal cells

Make up the framework of the thymus and contribute to thymocyte maturation

Front 43

Structures in the medulla of unknown origin/function.

Formed by a central part containing concentric layers of degenerating epithelial cells

Back 43

Hassals corpuscles

Front 44

The requirement of a T-Cell receptor (TCR) for a defined combination of a specific peptide and a specific self MHC molecule

Back 44

MHC restricution

A T cell which is specific for peptide X and a particular MHC allele will not usually recognize peptide x presented by a different MHX allele.

Front 45

These two CD molecules are associated with intracellular T cell protein tyrosine kinases

Back 45

CD4 and CD8

Front 46

Ligand pair adhesions:

CD4

Back 46

MHC Class II

Front 47

Ligand pair adhesions:

CD8

Back 47

MHC Class I

Front 48

Ligand pair adhesions:

CD2

Back 48

CD58 (LFA-3)

Front 49

Ligand pair adhesions:

CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)

Back 49

ICAM-1, ICAM-2

Front 50

Signal 2 ligand pairs:

T cell CD28

Back 50

APC B7.1/7.2

Front 51

Signal 2 ligand pairs:

T Cell CD40L

Back 51

APC CD40

Front 52

The major task of the mature dendritic cell

Back 52

To present antigen to the immune system.

There is minimal killing of ingested bacteria

Front 53

Degradation of a protein antigen into peptides that can bind to MHC molecules

Back 53

Antigen Processing

Front 54

Peptide antigens are bound by MHC molecules and displayed on the membrane of APC so that the peptides can be recognized by cells of the immune system.

Back 54

Antigen Presentation

Front 55

Assembled in the ER membrane.

Contains:
- TAP
- MHC calss I-B2m dimer
- Chaperones
- Tapasin

Back 55

The Peptide Loading Complex (PLC)

Maintains MHC Class I in a peptide-receptive state and protects it from destruction.

Front 56

Signal 2 ligand pairs:

T Cell CD40L

Back 56

APC CD40

Front 57

The major task of the mature dendritic cell

Back 57

To present antigen to the immune system.

There is minimal killing of ingested bacteria

Front 58

Degradation of a protein antigen into peptides that can bind to MHC molecules

Back 58

Antigen Processing

Front 59

Peptide antigens are bound by MHC molecules and displayed on the membrane of APC so that the peptides can be recognized by cells of the immune system.

Back 59

Antigen Presentation

Front 60

Assembled in the ER membrane.

Contains:
- TAP
- MHC calss I-B2m dimer
- Chaperones
- Tapasin

Back 60

The Peptide Loading Complex (PLC)

Maintains MHC Class I in a peptide-receptive state and protects it from destruction.

Front 61

Peptides associated with MHC I

- ETS-1
- Cytosine methyl transferase
- Nuclear factor
- Fructose-6-amino transferase
- Human IgG4 279-287
- Cyclin type D
- Human J-chain 102-110
- Cytochrome c oxidase

Back 61

HLA-A1

Front 62

Peptides associated with MHC I

- IP-30 signal sequence (x3)
- Protein phosphate 2A
- ATP-dependent RNA helicase
- HLA-E signal sequence
- Tyrosinase
- Calreticulin signal sequence
- SSRalpha signal sequence

Back 62

HLA-A2.1

Front 63

Peptides associated with MHC I

- Ribosomal protein S6
- Ribosomal protein L7A
- Ribosomal protein S3
- Thymosin B-10
- Prohibitin

Back 63

HLA-A11

Front 64

Peptides associated with MHC I

- Protein phosphatase 1
- NK/T cell activation protein
- Unknown (x2)

Back 64

HLA-A24

Front 65

Peptides associated with MHC I

- Ribosomal 60S homologue
- Influenza NP 91-99
- HSP70 protein B/HSP70

Back 65

HLA-A68.1

Front 66

Peptides associated with MHC I

HLA-DP signal sequence
HLA-A2.1 signal sequence
Ribosomal S26 protein
Topoisomerase II
CD20
HLA-B7 signal sequence
HLA-DP signal sequence
Histone H1

Back 66

HLA-B7

Front 67

Peptides associated with MHC I

HSP89alpha
Ribosomal protein
ATP-dependent RNA helicase
HSP89beta
Histone H3.3

Back 67

HLA-B27

Front 68

Peptides associated with MHC II (DRB)

(Na+/K+) ATPase
HLA-A2
Transferrin receptor
Bovine fetuin
Self peptide SP3

Back 68

DRB1*0101

Front 69

Peptides associated with MHC II (DRB)

HLA-A2
HLA-Cw9
HLA-Bw62
VLA-4
Bovine hemoglobin

Back 69

DRB1*0401

Front 70

Peptides associated with MHC II (DRB)

Human HSP (HSP70/HSC70)
Human granulin D
Human HSCP
HLA-Bw61
Human IG k-chain

Back 70

DRB1*1101