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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Meterorology
study of the atmosphere & its phenomena.
Weather
the specific conditions of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
Climate
average weather of the atmosphere over an extended period of time
Temperature
the degree of hotness or coldness
Moisture
a measure of water content. (dewpoint, humidity)
Clouds
visible mass of suspended water droplets and/or ice crystals
Precipitation
an form of water falling to the surface
Pressure
the weight of air above an area
Wind
movement of the air (speed, direction)
Measurements of these six major elements are collected at:
Automated surface observing system. (ASOS)
Measurements of four of these elements are collected by balloon-borne instrument called:
Radiosones
Number one weather related killer:
heat waves
How much of the atmosphere lies within 30 km of the earths surface?
99%
Hydrological Cycle
Evaporation, Sublimation, Transpiration, Condensation, Deposition, Precipitation
Three gases that make up the volume of the dry atmosphere
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon
Greenhouse gas:
a gas that absorbs earth's long wave radiation, like a greenhouse or blanket, keeps the earth warm.
Two human-made actives that has made CO2 levels rise:
Burning of fossil fuels & Deforestation
The most meteorologically important gas
water vapor
Air pressure
weight of the atmosphere above a given point
Troposphere
air is very well mixed & most of the "weather" occurs here
Stratosphere
air is not well mixed & within the stratosphere the temp. generally increases with height.
Temperature Inversion
vertical mixing of air
The seasons regulated by the amount of solar radiation received by the surface which is dictated by:
1. angle at which the radiation strikes the surface.
2. Length of the day
Northern Hemisphere is:
titled towards the sun in the summer and tilted away from the sun in winter
Summer Solstice
June 21. sun at its highest point in the sky. radiation is more direct then another other time of year & longest day of the year.
Winter solstice
December 21. less direct sunlight. shortest day.
Autmunal Equinox
Sept. 23--12 hours of sunlight & 12 hours of night
Vernal Equinox
March 20. noon sun is directly overhead (90 degrees) a equator.
Kinetic energy
energy associated with an object by virtue of its motion
Potential energy
energy associated with an object by virtue of its position with respect to gravity.
Temperature is a form of
kinetic energy
Heat
is the energy in the process of being transferred between substances. (always hott to cold)
Conduction
transfer of heat by molecular activity from one substance to another
Convection
vertical transfer of heat by the mass movement or circulation of a fluid.
Advection
horizontal transfer of heat by the mass movement or circulation of a fluid.
Solar radiation
transfer occurs at the speed of light & does not need a medium, can occur in the vacuum of space.
uv-C
most harmful (absorbed by ozone)
uv-B
produces sun burning, skin cancer
uv-A
produces sun burning
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
calculate the amount of energy emitted by the sun and the earth.
Wien's displacement law
calculate the wavelength at which the sun and the earth emit the radiation
Atmospheric window
allows the earth to cool at night through radiation cooling.
Greenhouse effect
absorb longwave radiation, gain kinetic energy, causing them to warm and in turn re-radiate some energy back to the earth.