Weather And Atmosphere

Front 1

precipitation

Back 1

water in the air in form of rain, hail, sleet, snow, etc.

Front 2

evaporation

Back 2

process of liquid water turning into a water vapor

Front 3

2 factors that determine climate

Back 3

1. temperature
2. precipitation

Front 4

climate

Back 4

the average of all weather conditions through all seasons over a period of time

Front 5

condensation

Back 5

water vapor turns back into liquid water

Front 6

types of climate

Back 6

1. polar-cold and little rain
2. mountain-cold in winter, cool in summer, moderate rain
3. temperate-cold winters, warm summers, moderate rain
4. tropical-hot all year, moderate to heavy rain
5. desert-hot summers, cool winters, little rain

Front 7

surface water

Back 7

water found on the surface in lakes, streams, ponds, puddles, etc.

Front 8

groundwater

Back 8

1. water contained in the pores of soil and rocks under the surface.
2. most drinking water comes from the ground

Front 9

pore

Back 9

the open spaces that are between rocks and pieces of soil

Front 10

porosity

Back 10

1. amount of pore space that a sample of rock or soil contains.
2. not all pores will be the same size
*low porosity-rocks with small pores
*high porosity-rocks with big pores

Front 11

permeable

Back 11

1. when soil or rock has many well-connected pores that allow groundwater to flow through it
2. limestone is very permeable

Front 12

impermeable

Back 12

1. not permeable
2. granite

Front 13

aquifer

Back 13

1. a layer of permeable rock that water can flow freely
2. many times aquifers act as a reservoir(storage container)

Front 14

how does water get into an aquifer

Back 14

1. water runs off or soaks into the ground
2. if it soaks into the ground it is groundwater
3. gravity pulls the groundwater through all of the permeable layers of rock
4. eventually the water hits a layer of impermeable rock and has to stop

Front 15

parts of an aquifer

Back 15

1. zone Aeration- permeable layers of rock that have pores filled with air
2. zone of Saturation-the layers of permeable rock that have pors full of water
3. water table-the "line" created by the surface of the water in the aquifer.
4. recharge zone-the area of land that allows water to soak into the aquifer

Front 16

groundwater flow

Back 16

1. groundwater does not just sit in the aquifer, it flows
2. it is like a river-it flows from higher elevations to lower elevations

Front 17

how do we get our drinking water out of the ground

Back 17

1. wells-pipe is dug into the ground(goes through permeable rock)
2. water is pumped through the pipe

Front 18

artesian well

Back 18

a well that does not need a pump to get water out

Front 19

pollution sources

Back 19

1. landfills
2. road run-off
3. septic tanks
4. underground gas tanks
5. agriculture run-off
6. mining and industrial waste

Front 20

electric circuit

Back 20

1. connects electrical components
2. looped

Front 21

electric fuse

Back 21

connects directly into a circuit

Front 22

voltage

Back 22

amount of strength of electrons flowing through a wire(think bright lights and dim lights)

Front 23

how does static electricity work?

Back 23

1. an imbalance between positive and negative charges
2. charges are attracted to each other

Front 24

how does electricity work

Back 24

1. atoms move around
2. electrons in the atoms move from one atom to another, producing energy

Front 25

how does electricity get to our house

Back 25

1. power staton releases huge amounts of electricity
2. electricity moves along the wires until it reaches a transformer.
3. transformer weakens the current so it can flow to our house
4. curent then flows into 3 wires that goes to our house

Front 26

what does it mean to complete the circuit

Back 26

closing the gap so electricity will move

Front 27

how does a light switch work

Back 27

the switch creates a gap in the circuit and the lights turn off. you turn the light back on and the switch then closes the gap and the light comes on

Front 28

circuit breaker

Back 28

1. heats up
2. expands
3. turns off a switch-creates a gap in the flow of electricity

Front 29

magnetic

Back 29

it will attract iron or steel

Front 30

magnetic field

Back 30

the space around the magnet where the force of the magnet can be seen or felt

Front 31

magnetic force

Back 31

the ability and strength of the magnet to "push" or "pull" an object

Front 32

magnetism

Back 32

the invisible force of the magnet

Front 33

poles

Back 33

the ends of the magnet.

Front 34

attract

Back 34

opposite ends attract or "pull" towards each other
North and South

Front 35

repel

Back 35

the same ends push away from each other:
north and north
south and south

Front 36

rule of magnetism

Back 36

like ends repel
opposite ends attract

Front 37

conductor

Back 37

materials that allow electricity to flow freely

Front 38

insulator

Back 38

stops the flow of electricity

Front 39

electric current

Back 39

a stream of electrons are moving through a conductor

Front 40

alternating current
(parallel circuit)

Back 40

1. electricity changes direction
2. wire is coiled around an iron core
3. produces a magnetic field

Front 41

direct current
(series circuit)

Back 41

current moves in 1 direction only