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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State the general characteristics in regard to the flow of air around high and low pressure systems in the Norther Hemisphere?
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Low Pressure - counterclockwise inward, upward
High Pressure - clockwise, outward, downward |
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What is a trough
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area of low pressure that is rising because of gradient. low pressure, rising air, bad weather.
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What is a ridge?
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area of high pressure of descending air, dissipation of cloudiness, high pressure and good weather
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What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level?
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15C and 29.92 " Hg
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What are isobars?
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a line of a weather chart with connects areas of equal or constant barometric pressure.
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If the isobars are relatively close together on a surface weather chart or a constant pressure chart, what information will this provide?
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defines how steep or shallow pressure gradient is. Very close together, rapid pressure changes.
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What is Coriolis Force
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Winds aloft that flow parallel to the isobars
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What is Surface Friction
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winds that generally flow across the isobars at an angle
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What rate does atmospheric pressure decrease with and in crease in altitude
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1: Hg per 1000 feet
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When temperature and dew point are close together (within 5C) what type of weather is likely?
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clouds, dew, mist or fog, and ideal conditions of carburetor icing.
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What factor primarily determines the type and vertical extent of clouds?
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stability of the atmosphere
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List the effects of stable and unstable air on clouds, turbulence, precipitation and visibility?
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Type..........Stable...............Unstable
clouds.......Stratiform...........Cumuliform turbulence..Smooth.............Rough Precip........Steady..............Showers Visibility.....Poor..................Good |
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What conditions are necessary for structural icing to occur?
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Visible moisture, below freezing
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Name the types of structural ice?
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1. Clear ice - large drops
2. Rime ice - small drops 3. Mixed - 4. Frost - ice crystal fored by sublimation when temp and dew point below freezing |
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What action is recommended if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions.
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Change course, climb to higher altitude if possible.
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What factors must be present for a thunderstorm to form?
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a. lift
b. unstable air c. high moisture |
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What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?
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Cumulus stage - raindrops form
Mature stage - raindrops begin to fall dissipating state - downdrafts |
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What is a temperature inversion?
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an increase in temperature with height.
warm rain falls through cold air below causing icing. |
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State two basic ways that fog may form.
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Cool air to the dew point and adding moisture to the air.
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Name several types of fog?
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Radiation fog
Advection fog Upslope fog precipitation -induced fog ice fog |
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What is Radiation fog?
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ground cools and the adjacent air cools to the dew point on calm clear nights.
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What is advection fog?
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moving warm humid air over cold surface
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What is upslope fog
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moist stable air being cooled and moves up sloping terrain
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What is precipitation fog and Ice fog?
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cold rain that falls on warm ground
and ice cloud very close to ground |
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What is wind shear and the areas in which it is likely to occur.
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rate of change of wind velocity
a. low-level temperature inversion b. frontal zone or thunderstorm c. jet stream |
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Why is wind shear an operational concern to pilots?
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unexpected changes in the wind speed and direction can be hazardous to low altitude AC on approach and departure
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Primary means of obtaining a weather briefing?
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1-800-WX BRIEF 24/7
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Where can you find a listing of FSS and weather information numbers
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Airport / Facility Directory
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What types of weather briefings are available from a FSS briefer?
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Standard Briefing
Abbreviated Briefing Outlook Briefing Inflight Briefing |
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What pertinent information should a weather briefing include?
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a. adverse conditions
b. VFR c. Synopsis d. Current Conditions e. Enroute forecast f. Destination Forcast g. Winds Aloft h. Notams (Notices to Airment) i. ATC delay j. Pilot Reports (PIREPS) |
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What is EFAS (Flight Watch)
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En route Flight Advisory Service
Flight Watch weather advisories for intended route flight and altitude. 122.0 MHz + 5000 ft AGL |
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What is HIWAS
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Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service including Warnings, SIGMETS Convective SIGMETs Center Weather Advisories, AIRMETS and UUA PIREPS.
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What is a Metar
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Aviation Routine Weather Report.
Every 1 Hr Hourly surface observations of conditions at an airport. |
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Describe different types of weather observing programs available.
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a. Manual Observations
b. AWOS c. ASOS |
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What is AWOS
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Automated Weather Observing System - consists of various sensors computer generated system
Automated Weather |
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What is ASOS
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Automated Surface Observing System
consists of various sensors computer generated system Automated Surface |
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What is ATIS
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Automated continuous broadcast essential information, such as weather information, which runways are active, available approaches, and any other information required by the pilots, such as important NOTAMs.
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What are PIREPS
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Weather Reports by pilots
UA and UUA |
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What are TAFs?
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Terminal AerodromeForcasts
4 reports 0000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, 1800Z every 6 hours valid for 24 hours weather forecasts |
