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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What began when power-driven machinery in factories replaced the work done in homes?
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Industrial revolution
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What was an advantage of factory work?
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Mass quanities of goods produced
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Before the IR, what did people mostly rely on to make a living?
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Farming
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Why, before the IR, were families relatively small?
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Very high infant death rate (1/3)
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What was the life expectancy before the IR?
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40 years
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About what percent of Europe's population lived in towns or cities?
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25%
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In the 1700s, what was the largest city in Europe, with what population?
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London, about 700,000
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Who was a famous British novelist in London in the early 1800s?
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Charles Dickens
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Where did most people liven in preindustrial times?
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Small country villages with a few hundred people
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Before the IR, who controlled the majority of the village land, renting most of it to small farming families?
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Wealthy landowners
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What were the public lands that most villages had?
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Village commons
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Why were village economies limited to the local area?
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transporting goods was difficult, unprofitable
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Before the IR, what did all daily activities revolve around for the peasants?
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Farming
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Before the IR: In addition to farming, many people worked where?
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Small industries, coal mines
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Before the IR, what was the relationship between small factories and farms?
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Harvest season- factory workers helped with harvest; Winter- farmers worked in factories
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In Great Britain (pre-IR), what was the industry that was almost as popular as farming?
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woolen industry
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What is when merchants hired workers to produce woolens in their own homes?
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domestic system
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What did the domestic system depend on?
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a network of workers
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What allowed landowners to enclose property?
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enclosure movement
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What is money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials?
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Capital
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What was England's greatest resource?
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labor
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Business people?
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entrepreneurs
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Who invented the flying shuttle?
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John Kay
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Who invented the spinning jenny?
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James Hargreaves
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Who developed the water frame?
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Richard Arkwright
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Who invented the power loom?
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Edmund Cartwright
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Who created the spinning mule?
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crompton
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Who developed the cotton gin?
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Eli Whitney
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Who designed the steam engine?
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James Watt
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Who developed methods to produce steel from iron?
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Henry Bessemer, William Kelly
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What involves continually expanding factories or investing in new businesses?
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industrial capitalism
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Who contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts?
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Eli Whitney
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Who encouraged manufacturers to dived tasks into detailed and specific segments of a step-by-step procedure?
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Fred Taylor
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Who used the assembly line to make Model Ts?
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Henry ford
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What is a business org involving two or more entrepreneurs who can raise more capital and take on more business than if each went in alone?
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partnership
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What takes the idea of partnership many steps further (owned by stockholders...)?
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Corporations
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What is the lowest point in the business cycle?
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depression
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Who created the telegraph?
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morse
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Who devised the wireless telegraph?
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marconi
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Who invented the telephone?
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alex graham bell
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Who invented the phonograph?
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Thomas Edison
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Who invented the incandescent lightbulb?
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Thomas Edison
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Who developed an oil burning motor?
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Rudolph Diesel
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Who streamlined the dirigible?
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Ferdinand von Zeppelin
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What is a worker association called?
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labor union
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What was when union leaders and an employer meet together to discuss problems and reach an agreement?
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collective bargaining
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