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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe the geography of Greece |
- a Peninsula with many smaller peninsulas and islands
- many mountains all the way to the rocky coast --> made travel difficult - not many valleys so farming land was very limied - los of water all over the place |
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what did the greeks use the surrounding water for?
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- for source of food
- to trade |
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2 cultures that developed in Greece early on
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1) the Minoans
2) the Mycenians - These 2 cultures influenced Greek culture and the entire region |
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where did the Minoans get established first?
how did the civilization end? |
- in the Greek Island of Crete (south of the BIG peninsula)
- ended when a volcano erupted in the island of Crete which burried the cities |
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what did the Minoans do? what were they known for?
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they were great shipbuilders (as they lived on an island)
- they also traded a lot and got rich from trading |
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why did the historians not consider the Minoans greek?
who did these historian consider the firts greeks to be? |
b/c they didn't speak the Greek language
- the mycenaeans |
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what did the mycaneans do?
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- they built fortresses all over the main land
- they took over Crete when the Minoans declined and became major traders in the Medit. - they didn't trade peacefully |
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polis
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city-state - the kind of boundaries of government the greeks established
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what is Greek's Classical Age?
when did it start? |
- was established when the first city states were created
- marked the beginning of the era of great achievments (Classical Era) |
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acropolis
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top of a hill with a fortress for protection
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what were Greek cities surrounded by? why?
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by city walls for protection from others
- Even though not everyone lived inside the walls (armers) everyone came inside the walls during times of war |
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agora
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marketplace - where people hung out at and traded goods
- political and religious assemblies took place in the market |
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why did the Greeks develop city states?
How did they grow? |
it gave them a sense of identity - of belonging -
- each had their own government and economy - City States developed colonies in many areas even in Turkey, France, Naples. |
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aristocrat
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- landowner that rules
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oligarchy
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- a gov when only a few people - aristocrats had power
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types of gov in Athens
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1) oligarchy - only a few wealthy people rules (aristocrats)
2) tyranny - riled by a tyrant 3) democracy 4) monarchy - king rules |
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tyrant
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someoone who took over the governement from the aristocrats and they represented the people (nice)
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Cleisthenes -
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started democracy in Athens
- replaced aristocracy /oligarchy |
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Pericles
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leader in Athens that really took democracy to the next step
- did a lot of good for Athens - paid people to participate in governemt b/c he wanted more people to work in govt. |
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why and how did democracy end on Athens
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ended when the Macedonians took over Athens
- they first let limited democracy take place but they could not make any decisions without the king. - eventually replaced democracy with dictator |
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Modern vs Ancient democracy
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ancient - everyone participated and voted on all laws
modern - we have representatives that vote and make laws (b.c too many people) |
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who could become a citizen in Athens
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- only free men
- so only free men could vote and participate in gover. (not women and not slaves) |
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what type of democracy did Athens have?
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Direct Democracy- all people met, and voted
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Greek mythology
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- myths were stories about gods and heros
- used to explain why things happened (i.e. thunderstorms) - each story explained a natural event or a historic event |
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who did the Greeks think made all natural events happend and all daily events?
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the Gods
(ex Poseidon - god of the sea) |
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what contributions did the Greeks make to us?
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1) OYMPIC games
2) mythology 3) literature - great works (epics, poems, fables) 4) language |
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why did the Greeks have olympic games?
where were they held? |
to pay honor to the god Zeus
- first in Oympia, then moved to Athens |
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Hercules
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famous Greek Hero who fought monsters and did impossible things
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HOMER
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great Greek poet
- wrote Iliad and Odyssey and some of the best poems ever produced - great epic poems - describing the deeds of great heroes and wars |
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Sappho
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- female who wrote some great lyric poems (to music)
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fables
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short stories that teach a lesson
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Aesop
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Greek person who wrote fables
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