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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did Egypt's first dynasty begin?
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3100 BC
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Who started the first Egyptian dynasty?
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The Menes when they first united Upper and Lower Egypt.
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What prevented the Nubians from using the Nile Riber as a source of transportation among other civilizations?
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The cataracts in the river made river travel impossible for the Nubians to use the river as a source of transportation.
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How does Egypt's location farther north contribute to the richness of the land?
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As the Nile flows out into the Mediterranean Sea, it deposits sediment that makes the land fertile for farming. The Nile also floods the dry lands along the banks and deposits silt.
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How did the people of Egypt benefit from the geography of the region?
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The ancient Egyptians were surrounded by hot dry deserts that kept them isolated from invaders. However, they had the waterways to provide drinking water, irrigation, and trade with others.
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Describe the course of the Nile from its source all the way to the delta?
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The White Nile in East Africa flows north to meet the Blue Nile then travels to the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile empties into the Mediterranean Sea the the delta (mouth) of the river.
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What are the three major time periods in Ancient Egypt?
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The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms are the major time periods in Egypt.
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What are some (2) causes of the gaps between the time periods.
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Causes for the gaps between time periods were the result of weak pharaohs, invasions, or civil wars.
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Describe the accomplishments of the old kingdom.
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Old: Time of peace, establishment of trade with Nubia; well run governments, beginning of pyramids and other structures.
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Describe the accomplishments of the Middle kingdom.
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Middle: Money spent on public works; irrigation systems, buildings, roads.
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Describe the accomplishments of the New kingdom.
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Establishment of a great powerful army of foot soldiers, mounted warriors, and charioteers.
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Why did the ancient Egyptians call their lands "Kemet" or black land?
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The Egyptians called their land black lands because of the dark soil left by the Nile's floods.
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How did the Egyptians look upon their pharaohs?
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The Egyptians looked upon their pharaohs as god-kings that took the earthly form of Horus, the falcon god and the sun god, Re.
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What unusual powers did Egyptians believe their kings had?
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They believed they had the power to provide floods and the harvests that followed.
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Explain why Egypt's rulers had more authority than most ruler have today?
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Egyptians thought that rulers had god-like powers and therefore hestitated to question their authority.
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What characteristics did the three kingdoms have in common?
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All made progress/accomplishments and prospered for much of the time; all led by pharaohs.
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Describe the New Kingdom under Thutmose III and during its later decline.
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Thutmose III conquered many lands andtreated those people with mercy. The N.K. declined after civil war left the Egyptians defenseless against foreign invasions. Egypt fell to Alexander the Great of Macedonia.
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What factors led to the decline of Egypt?
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People believed the pharaohs were god-like and extremely powerful. Fertile lands and access to the Nile River allowed Egypt to grow & prosper. As Egypt grew, the pharaohs lost power & civil war followed.
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What were the religious beliefs of the ancient?
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Ancient Egypt believed in many gods/goddesses that controlled nature. They also believed in the "afterlife" - life after death
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In what ways did the ancient Egyptians use religion to understand nature?
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They believed that the gods contolled nature and this control explained the workings of nature.
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Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead?
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They believed mummification prepared the individual for the afterlife and that the spirit needed to recognize the body when it returned to receive food & offerings.
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How do we know that the afterlife was important to the ancient Egyptians?
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They took great care in preparing & preserving the body, plus they built tombs to ensure a place & comfort for the afterlife.
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Why were the pharaohs concerned about the condition of the tomb?
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They took care tht they had protection from grave/tomb robbers & that the appearance of the tomb/pyramid reflected the wealth & power of the individual.
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Describe how the ancient Egyptians organized the building of the pyramids.
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They carried large blocks of stone from quarries to the burial site. Then they used sleds, levers & wooden rollers to place the stones. Building ramps to get the stones to the next level of the pyramid=manpower.
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What things did the gods control?
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The gods controlled life, death, and the workings of nature.
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Why did the Egyptians believe that the gods controlled the workings of nature?
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It explained why and how things occurred, such as the sunrise & sunset.
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Why do you think some Egyptians were unable to have the bodies of their loved ones mummified?
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The process was too expensive. Only wealthy Egyptians could afford it.
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Why did Egyptians begin using hieroglyphics.?
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They needed a way to keep track of the growing empire's wealth.
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How was the Egyptian society organized?
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It resembled a pyramid. On the top was the small upper class of nobles, priests, member's of the court (pharaoh's family). The middle class was made up of merchants & skilled workers (artisans). The largest & lowest class was the peasants/farmers. Slaves made up a very small, but seperate class.
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What was the significance of the Rosetta Stone?
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It was important because it translated hieroglyphics into other languages so modern people could leanr what the hieroglyphics meant.
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Why was it important for the Egyptians to figure out the length of their year?
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They needed to know when the waters of the Nile would flood.
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How were the lives of Egypt's peasants ruled by the season?
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During the flood season, the peasants worked on roads, temples, & buildings. After the flood, they planted crops and later harvested them.
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Why did ancient Egyptians bury their dead with food and other possessions?
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They believed that people needed their possissions in order to survive in the afterlife.
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What things did the gods control?
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The gods controlled life, death, and the workings of nature.
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List 3 accomplishments of the ancient Egyptian civilization.
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They provided the foundation for surgery and the use of herbal medicines. They created their own form of a writing system, as well as the tools of measurement. Astronomers were responsible for determining the length of a year to be 365 days.
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Why was religion so important to the people of ancient Egypt?
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Religion was a way of explaining the forces of nature.
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What areas of science & medicine di the ancient Egyptians study?
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They studied astronomy, herbalism and the human body.
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How did the physical geography affect the growth of Egypt's ancient civilization?
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Silt from the Nile River created rich farm land along the river's banks, allowing civilization to develop and prosper.
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How did the ancient Egyptian peoples develop government?
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Egyptian Pharaohs gave themselves absolute power over the people they ruled.
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What were the beliefs and values of ancient Egyptian peoples?
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Egyptians believed in an afterlife and in gods and goddesses that controlled nature.
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What historical accomplishments is the Egyptian civilization known for?
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They made hieroglyphics, determined the length of a year, basic math, natural remedies.
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