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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
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Aspirate: frequency and appearance of cell types
Biopsy: assess cellularity, detect space occupying lesions |
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What does bone marrow fat content reflect?
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Age (older you are, the more fat you have)
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What kind of cells are affected in hematopoietic neoplasms that arise in the bone marrow? What, generally, is affected?
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Stem cells
Altered rate of growth, apoptosis, and ability of progeny to differentiate into mature, functional blood cells |
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What are the three major groups of hematopoietic neoplasms that arise in the bone marrow?
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Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD)
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) Acute leukemias |
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What are the basics of MPDs?
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Acquired genetic defects in stem cell that produces unregulated growth (but with normal differentiation)
Transformed cells expand and differentiate along one lineage Precursors and mature cells fill marrow and peripheral counts rise (precursors do appear) Can progress to acute leukemia |
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What are the basics of MDSs?
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Again, acquired genetic defect in stem cell, however, this time there is unregulated growth with abnormal differentiation
Multiple lineages with dysplastic precursors that are more likely to die early Dysplastic cells accumulate in the marrow (and suppress normal hematopoiesis, producing cytopenias) Can progress to acute leukemia |
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Describe the basics of acute leukemias.
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Acquired genetic defect in stem OR progenitor cells with unregulated growth and MINIMAL differentiation
Neoplastic cell differentiation ARRESTED at early stage in at least one lineage (called blasts) These blasts fill the marrow and often appear in the blood; since they fill the marrow, they squeeze out the normal stuff and result in cytopenias |
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What are the two kinds of acute leukemias?
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Lymphoid - acute lymphoblastic leukemias (affects pre-T or pre-B cells)
Non-lymphoid - acute myeloid leukemias (myelogenous, myelocytic) |
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What is the difference between a lymphoid leukemia and a lymphoma?
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A lymphoma is a solid mass whereas a lymphoid leukemia is neoplasm of circulating cells
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How do malignancies of "mature" lymphoid cells arise?
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Mainly from acquired genetic defects, but occasionally from a viral transformation
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When is a malignancy from viral transformation most likely?
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Transplant recipients (Epstein Barr Virus)
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What are "mature" lymphoid cells?
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Cells with antigen or pattern-recognition receptors
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How do lymphomas present?
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Tumors or tissue infiltrates
-lymphadenopathy, mediastinal mass, splenomegaly, infiltrates in GI submucosa -infiltrates in non-lymphoid organs (skin, parotid glands, CNS) |
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What are the two kinds of lymphomas and how do they differ?
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Hodgkin's: ONLY B-CELL neoplasm; unique HISTOPATHOLOGY - major host inflammatory response, SPREAD via lymphatics initially and then bloodstream
Non-Hodgkin's: B, T, NK varieties; initial spread via bloodstream AND lymphatics; LEUKEMIC PHASE |
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What is a leukemic phase?
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In lymphoma, when there is a severely elevated number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood
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