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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main patterns of thinking?
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1. Undisciplined, Associational Thinking
2. Critical Thinking 3. Creative Thinking 4. System Thinking |
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What set of patterns or thinkings are under Undisciplined Thinking?
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1. Associational Thinking
2. Biased Patterns 3. Distorted Thinking |
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What is Associational Thinking?
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Thoughts jumping from one idea or bit of information to another based on mental associations.
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What is a Biased Pattern?
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Thinking based on opinion, preferences, prejudices
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What is Distorted Thinking?
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Misconceptions, erroneous information
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What is Critical Thinking?
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The process of analyzing and assessing thinking with a view to improving it. It presupposes knowledge of the most basic structures in thinking (the element thought) and the most basic standards for thinking (universal intellectual standards). The key to the creative side of critical thinking (the actual improving of thought) is in restructuring thinking as a result of analyzing and effectively assessing it.
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What are eight elements of thought?
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1. Purpose: goal, objective
2. Question at Issue (problem, focus issue) 3. Information: data, facts, observations, experiences 4. Interpretation and Inference: conclusions, solutions 5. Concepts: theories, definitions, axioms, laws, principles, models. 6. Assumptions: propositions taken for granted 7. Implications and Consequences 8. Point of View: frame of references, perspective, orientation. |
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What are the intellectual standards?
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1. Clarity: understandable, the meaning can be grasped.
2. Accuracy: free from errors or distortions, true 3. Precision: exact to the necessary level of detail. 4. Relevance: relating to the matter at hand 5. Depth: containing complexities and multiple relationships. 6. Breadth: encompassing multiple viewpoints 7. Logic: the parts make sense together, no contradictions 8. Significance: focusing on the important, not trivial 9. Fairness: justifiable, not self-serving or one-sided |
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What are the intellectual traits?
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1. Intellectual Humility
2. Intellectual Autonomy 3. Intellectual Integrity 4. Intellectual Courage 5. Intellectual Perseverance 6. Confidence in Reason 7. Intellectual Empathy 8. Fair-mindness |
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What is Creative Thinking?
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Is a mental and social process that matches together fantasy with invention, involving the production of new ideas or concepts or new associations of the creative mind between already existing ideas or concepts. Creative is fueled by the process of either conscious or unconscious insight. Creativity is aimed at producing achievable and functional projects, including their esthetic aspect. Actually, from a scientific point of view, the products of creative thought should always reflect originality and appropriateness.
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What are Mental Models?
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They are beliefs, assumptions, and internal conversations we have about every aspect of ourselves, others, situations, and life.
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What are System Thinking?
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School of thought that focuses on recognizing the interconnections between the parts of a system and synthesizing them into a unified view of the whole.
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Explain the Iceberg Model of System Thinking application?
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1. Events: what just happened?
2. Patterns/Trends: Has this type of event happened before? 3. Systemic Structures: what are the forces contributing to this pattern? 4. Mental Models: what thinking pattern created this situation and/ or allows it to persist? |
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What is Carper's Ways of Knowing?
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There are four ways of knowing:
1. Empirical Knowing 2. Esthetic Knowing 3. Personal Knowing 4. Ethical Knowing |
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What is Empirical way of knowing?
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Relies on observation and scientific methods; knowledge acquired through objective and verifiable means. After repeated verification (replication), this information may be generalized into basis for explanations, principles, theories, and laws.
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What is Personal way of knowing?
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It is about striving to actualize personal relationships between the nurse and the patient.
It promotes wholeness and integrity in personal encounters. |
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What is Esthetic way of knowing?
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Is an expressive, subjective, unique, and experiential... includes sensing the meaning of a movement... relies on perception... is creative and incorporates empathy and understanding... it is interpretive, contextual, intuitive and subjective and requires synthesis rather analysis... goes beyond what is explained... creates values and meaning.
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What is Ethical way of knowing?
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It refers to the moral code for nursing and is based on obligation to service and respect for human life. It requires rational and deliberate examination and evaluation of what is good, valuable, and desirable as goals, motives, or characteristics.
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What are the structural hierarchy of contemporary nursing knowledge?
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"unknown"
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What are the four concepts of the Nursing's Metaparadigm?
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1. Person
2. Environment 3. Health/ Healing 4. Nursing |
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What is a Paradigm?
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Is a framework that reflects broad shared perspectives held by members of the discipline that influence their "world view" and serves as a significant factor in their contributions to and development of disciplinary knowledge.
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What are Fawcett's three categories of nursing paradigms?
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1. Reaction
2. Reciprocal Interaction 3. Simultaneous Action |
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What are Newman's three categories of nursing paradigms?
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1. Particulate-Deterministic
2. Interactive-Integrative 3. Unitary-Transfromative |
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Defined Theory.
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Refers to a set
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What are the levels of theory?
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1. Grand Theories (most abstract)
2. Middle Range Theories (can be tested) 3. Practice Theory |
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What is an Empirical Indicator?
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It is defined as a very concrete and specific real world pro
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