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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a gaseous pollutant that is a component of NOx and exist in Chemical equallirium with NO2?
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NO or Nitrogen Oxide
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What is a gaseous pollutant that is a component of Nox and exists in chemical euilibrium with NO?
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NO2 or Nitrogen Dioxide
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What is considered to be a green house gas and not a pollutant; and is generated by the complete combution (complete oxidation) of fossil fuels?
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CO2 or Carbon Dioxide
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What has a molecular weight of 44lb/lb mole?
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CO2 or Carbon Dioxide
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What percent of carbon in fossil fuels is oxidized to carbon dioxide?
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99.9%
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How many parts per million of carbon in fossil fuels is partially oxidized to Carbon Monoxide?
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2 - 100 parts per million
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What has a molecular weight of 28 lb/lb-mole?
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CO or Carbon Monoxide
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What is a gaseous pollutant generated by incomplete combusion (incomplete oxidation) of fossil fuels, especially natural gas?
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Formaldehyde (CH2O)
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What has a molecula weight of 30 lbs/lb mole?
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Formaldehyde
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What is referred to the chemical nature of gaseous hydrocarbons present in engine exhaust?
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NMHC - Non-Methane Hydrocarbon
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What molicule includes all the hydrocarbons except methan (CH4)?
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NMHC - Non-Methan Hydrocarbon
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What is the predominant form of unburned fuel in the exhaust from GT or ICE and is not regulated as a pollutant or VOC?
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Methane
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What is the chemical nature of gaseous hydrocarbons present in engine exhaust?
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NMNEHC - Non Methane, Non Ethane Hydrocarbons
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Methane and _________, are the predominant forms of unburned fuel in the exhaust from a GT or ICE engine and are not regulated as a pollutant or VOC.
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Ethane (C2H6)
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What is a family of gaseous pollutants generated by the incomplete combustion (incomplete oxidation) of fossil fuels, or from manufacturing processes that evaporate solvents.
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VOC - volatile organic compound
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The US EPA does not consider ________ and ______ to be VOCs.
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Methane and Ethane
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EmeraChem's warranties restricts ____ to _____.
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VOCs (volatile organic compound) to NMNEHC (Non-Methane Non Ethane Hydrocarbons)
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What is a gaseous pollutant generated from combusting (oxidizing) the sulfur present in fossil fuels?
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SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide
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Most of the sulfur generated during combustion comes from odorants such as _____ and _____ added to natural gas.
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Mercaptons and Thiophenes
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What has a molecular weight of 64 lb/lb - mole?
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So2 - Sulfur Dioxide
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What is a family of solid and semi-solid pollutants found in engine exhaust streams?
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(PM) Particulate Matter
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What are the five categories that (PM) Particulate Matter is comprised of?
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Unburned Hydrocarbons
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Ammonium Sulfate ((NH4)2 SO4) Metal Oxide Inorganic elements such as Phoshorous |
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What are gaseous at engine exhaust temperatures but later cool and condense into micron and submicron sized droplets classified as particles?
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Unburned Hydrocarbons
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What are droplets that form when sulfur dioxide combines with water vapor in cooler sections of the HRSG or in the atmosphere?
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Sulfuric Acid (H2 SO4)
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What is formed when sulfur dioxide combines with Ammonia slip from an SCR process?
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Ammonium Sulfate ((NH4)2 SO4)
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What forms from the internal wear of engine parts?
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Metal Oxides
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Inorganic elements such as ______ are phosphorus arginates found in engine lubricating oils.
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inorganic elements
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"PM10" are particles smaller than 10 _____.
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10 microns
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"PM2.5" are particles smaller than 2.5 _______.
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2.5 microns
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What are the terms used to refer to particles smaller than a micron or 0.1 microns respectively?
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Fine Particulate Matter (FPM) and Ultra-Fine Particulate Matter (UFPM).
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What do you call the measurement of a pollutant concentration in an exhaust gas steam?
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PPM or Parts Per Million
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1% by volume is equal to _____ PPMV.
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10,000 parts per million by volume
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What is the standard measure of pollutants concentration in an exhaust gas stream used in regulations and permits?
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PPMVDC or Parts per million by Volume on a Dry Basis Corrected to 15% oxygen.
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What is the mesurement of a catalyst performance in destroying pollutants?
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DRE or Destruction and removal efficiency
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How is DRE (Destruction and Removal efficiency calculated as it relates to a catalyst's performance?
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DRE = inlet concentration - outlet concentration / inlet concentration
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What is a class of catalyst that uses platinum - froup metals (PGM) to oxidize or combust chemicals?
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Oxidation Catalyst
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What class of catalyst are sometimes called two way catalyst because they oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and they oxidize VOCs and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water vapor?
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Oxidation Catalyst
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What class of catalyst are used in application such as gas turbines? The applications will predominately focus on carbon monoxide (CO) and carry a VOC destruction requirement.
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Oxidation Catalyst
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Which Waukesha engine families are referenced by displacement in liters?
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VSG's and VGF's
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Which Waukesha Engine family is referenced by displacement in cubic inches?
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VHP or Very High Horsepower
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What three engine families are referenced by displacement?
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VHP, VSG and VGF
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ATGL series of Waukesha engines are not referenced by displacement. How are they referenced?
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Bore size in centimeters
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APG series of Waukesha engines are not referenced by displacement. How are they referenced?
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Bore size in millimeters
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What is the RPM range for the four Waukesha engine families?
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900 RPM's - 1800 RPM's
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What is the horsepower range for the four Waukesha engine families?
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160hp to 4500hp
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What are the three markets do Waukesha engines serve?
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1. Gas Compression
2. Electric Power Generation 3. Cogeneration and general mechanical drive applications like pumps aire compressors, chillers and blowers |
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In the model 16V150LTD what does the "16" indicate?
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16 Cylinders
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In the model 16V-AT27GL waht does the "27" indicate?
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275 millimeter bore
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In the model 16V-AT27GL waht does the "GL" indicate?
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Turbocharged, intercooled, lean burn
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In the model 16V150LTD what does the "150" indicate?
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152 millimeter bore
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What three things does a 3-way catalyst control?
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NOx, CO and Hydrocarbons
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What system is need for a rich burn engine using a 3-way catalyst because as seen from the exhaust the oxygen atom is removed from teh NOx and gives to the CO and hydrocarbons?
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AFR System or Air Fuel Ratio System
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What two pollutants are controlled by a catalyst in a lean burn engine which has more than 0.5% oxygen in the exhaust stream?
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CO and Hydrocarbons
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Name the five things that cause catalyst failures?
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Overheating - Temp > 1350 F
Masking - covered over by dirt Poisoning - Chemical attack on a catalyst by phosphorous, heavy metals and silicones Misfires - Damage to the catalyst structures Bypass leakage |
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In the model 16V150LTD what does the LTD indicate?
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LTD = Lean Turbulent combustion draw-thru
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In the model L7042GL what does the "L" indicate?
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12 cylinder
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In the model L7042GL what does the "7042" indicate?
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7,042 cubic inch displacement
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In the model L7042GL what does GL indicate?
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turbocharged, intercooled, lean burn
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In the model P48GLD what does the "P" indicate?
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16 Cylinder
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In the model P48GLD what does the "48" indicate?
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48 liters displacement
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In the model P48GLD what does the "GLD" indicate?
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turbocharged, intercooled, lean burn, draw thru
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What are the five engine families manufactured by Dresser Waukesha?
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1. 275GL
2. ATGL 3. APG 4. VHP 5. VGF |
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The prefix attached to a Waukesha engine model indicates the number of cylinders accept for which three engine families?
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275GL
ATGL APG |
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The prefix attached to a Waukesha engine model indicates the number of cylinders. How many cylinders does the letter "P" indicate?
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16 cylinders
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The prefix attached to a Waukesha engine model indicates the number of cylinders. How many cylinders does the letter "P" indicate?
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12 cylinders
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The prefix attached to a Waukesha engine model indicates the number of cylinders. How many cylinders does the letter "H" indicate?
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8 cylinders
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The prefix attached to a Waukesha engine model indicates the number of cylinders. How many cylinders does the letter "F" indicate?
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6 cylinders
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How many cylinders does a VHP L7042GL have?
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12 cylinders
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How many cylinders does a VGF P48GL have?
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16 cylinders
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How many cylinders does a 16V275GL have?
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16 cylinders
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What's the bore size of 16V275GL?
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275 millimeters
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What does the "27" indicate in the model 16V-AT27GL?
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275 millimeter bore
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What does the "150" in the engine model 16V150LTD indicate?
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152 millimeter bore
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What unit of measurement is used to indicate the size of bore on VHP series engines?
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Cubic Inches
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What unit of measurment is used to indicate the bore size of a APG series engine?
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Millimeters
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What unit of measurement is used to indicate the displacement of a VGF series engine?
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Liters
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation"G" indicate?
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That the engine is naturally aspirated
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation "GSI" indicate?
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Turbocharged Intercooled
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What does the suffix designation "GSID" indicate?
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Turbocharged, Intercooled, Draw-Through
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation "LT" indicate?
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Lean Combustion Turbulence
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation "LTD" indicate?
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Lean Combustion, Turbulence, Draw Through
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation "GL" indicate?
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Turbocharged, Intercooled, Lean Burn
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation "GLD" indicate?
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Turbocharged, Intercooled, Lean Burn, Draw Through
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In a Waukesha engine model, what does the suffix designation "GL+" indicate?
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Turbocharged, Intercooled, Lean-Burn, Low-Emissions
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What does "CEC" stand for?
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Cutom Engine Controls
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What is the name for a Waukesha Dresser trademark of an engine generator set packaged by Waukesha?
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Enginator
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When talking about custom engine controls, what does "AFM" indicate?
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AFM = Air/Fuel Module
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What does "DSM" stand for and what does it relate to?
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DSM = Dtonation Sensing Module; it relates to custom engine controls
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What does "IM" stand for and what does it relate to?
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IM = Ignition Module; it relates to custom engine controls
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What does "TCM" stand for and what does it relate to?
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TCM = Turbocharged Control Module; it relates to custom engine controls
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What does "ESM" stand for?
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ESM = Engine System Manager
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What does "AFR" stand for?
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AFR = Air/Fuel Ratio Control
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What does "16" indicate in the model number 16V275GLT?
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16 Cylinder
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What does "275" indicate in the model number 16V275GLT?
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275 millimeter bore
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What does "GL" indicate in the model number 16V275GLT?
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Turbocharged, intercooled, lean burn
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What class of catalyst are also called NSCR or non-slective catalyst reduction
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3-Way Catalyst
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What calss of catalyst only apply to rich-burn engines like stationary natural gas engines and gasoline vehicle engines?
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3-Way Catalyst
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Name the three types of pollutants that are destroyed by three-way catalyst
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Carbon Monoxide
VOC's and Hydrocarbons Nitogen Oxides |
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In a 3-way catalyst what is carbon monoxide oxidized to?
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Carbon Dioxide
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In a 3-way catalyst what are VOCs and hydrocarbons are oxidized to?
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Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor
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What is the key precious metal for NSCR catalyst?
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Rhodium
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What class of catalyst only apply to lean burn engines like combustion turbines, diesel reciprocating engines and some natural gas reciprocating engines? They function by trapping NOx on the surface and then transforming it to harmless N2 nitrogen via a regeneration cycle.
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Lean NOx Trap (LNT)
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What catalyst cycle occurs every 3-30 minutes by isolating the catalyst from the engine exhaust and treating it with a small quantity of "reducing gas" During this cycle trapped NOx on the surface of the catalyst are reduced to a harmless Nitrogen (N2).
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a catalyst regeneration cycle
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What does (LNT) stand for?
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Lean NOx Trap
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What do Lean NOx catalyst oxidize and remove?
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They Oxidize:
Carbon Monoxide and VOC's and Hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water vapor. They also remove (PM) particle matter |
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What does EmeraChem use platinum, palladium and rhodium to make up?
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PGM - Platinum group metals
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What is the technique of applying precious metals whereby the precious metals are combined in the wash coat solution and aplied as one uniform coating to the substrate?
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(UPM) "Uniform Precious Metal"
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What is the technique of applying precious metals whereby the precious metals are consentrated on the surface of the wash coat. The wash coat is applied and calcind then precious metals are applied in a seperate step.
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the, "Eggshell" technique
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Most oxidation catalyst and lean NOx trap catalyst use precious metals applied with what technique?
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the "Eggshell" technique
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What is the unit of measurement for precious metals? One of these is equal to 31.101 grams.
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Troy Once (T.O.)
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What is the characteristic of the catalyst substrat, expressed as cell per square ince (CPSI)?
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Cell density
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What translates into higher surface area within the substrate of a catalyst and creates more contact between the pollutants in the gas and the catalyst coating?
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Cell density
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What is the unit of measurment for cell density in a catalyst?
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Geometric Surface Area (one square inch of surface area per one cubic inch of catalyst volume)
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Increasing _______ increases the performance of a catalyst.
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Surface Area
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Higher ____ also translates into higher pressure drop.
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Cell Density
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In _____________ engines, air to fuel ratio is relatively high, so the exhaust gas has 3 to 16% oxygen.
Examples: Combustion Turbines Diesel Reciprocating Engines Some Natural Gas Reciprocating Engines |
Lean Burn
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In ________ engines, air to fuel ratio is relatively low, so the exhaust gas has < 0.5% oxygen.
Examples: gsoline vehicles engines Some Stationary Natural Gas Engines Reciprocating Engines |
Rich Burn
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________ and _______ are contaminants and are known catalyst deactivators. They also contribute to shortening the life of a catalyst.
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Poisons and Masking Agents
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Heavy and base metals such as:
Lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, sodium, potassium, lithium, zinc, copper, tin, iron, nickle, chrome, sulfur, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are known as what in the world of catalyst |
Poisons and Masking agents that contribute to shortened catalyst life
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Name what is known as a substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction, without itself being transformed or consumbed by the reation. It also participates in the reaction but is neither a chemical reactant nor a chemical product.
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Catalyst
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What is the acronym for a continuous emissions monitoring system on the exhaust stack?
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CEMS
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What is the standard measure of gas flow.
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SCFH Standard Cubic Feet Per Hour
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What is a gaseous pollutant generated by the combustion, mostly from the high temperature reaction of oxygen and nitrogen present int he combustion air.
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NOx
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